Coronavirus COVID-19 - Global Health Pandemic #94

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U.S. excess deaths rose nearly 23 percent in 2020, study finds

[The rate of excess deaths -- or deaths above the number that would be expected based on averages from the previous five years -- is usually consistent, fluctuating 1% to 2% from year to year, said Steven Woolf, M.D., the study's lead author and director emeritus of VCU's Center on Society and Health. From March 1, 2020, to Jan. 2, 2021, excess deaths rose a staggering 22.9% nationally, fueled by COVID-19 and deaths from other causes, with regions experiencing surges at different times.
"COVID-19 accounted for roughly 72% of the excess deaths we're calculating, and that's similar to what our earlier studies showed."
...

Surges in excess deaths varied across regions of the United States. Northeastern states, such as New York and New Jersey, were among the first hit by the pandemic. Their pandemic curves looked like a capital "A," Woolf said, peaking in April and returning rapidly to baseline within eight weeks because strict restrictions were put in place. But the increase in excess deaths lasted much longer in other states that lifted restrictions early and were hit hard later in the year.
...

According to the study's data, the 10 states with the highest per capita rate of excess deaths were Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, Arizona, Alabama, Louisiana, South Dakota, New Mexico, North Dakota and Ohio.]
 
U.S. excess deaths rose nearly 23 percent in 2020, study finds

[The rate of excess deaths -- or deaths above the number that would be expected based on averages from the previous five years -- is usually consistent, fluctuating 1% to 2% from year to year, said Steven Woolf, M.D., the study's lead author and director emeritus of VCU's Center on Society and Health. From March 1, 2020, to Jan. 2, 2021, excess deaths rose a staggering 22.9% nationally, fueled by COVID-19 and deaths from other causes, with regions experiencing surges at different times.
"COVID-19 accounted for roughly 72% of the excess deaths we're calculating, and that's similar to what our earlier studies showed."
...

Surges in excess deaths varied across regions of the United States. Northeastern states, such as New York and New Jersey, were among the first hit by the pandemic. Their pandemic curves looked like a capital "A," Woolf said, peaking in April and returning rapidly to baseline within eight weeks because strict restrictions were put in place. But the increase in excess deaths lasted much longer in other states that lifted restrictions early and were hit hard later in the year.
...

According to the study's data, the 10 states with the highest per capita rate of excess deaths were Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, Arizona, Alabama, Louisiana, South Dakota, New Mexico, North Dakota and Ohio.]

I would really like to see the data on "Excess Deaths" from Florida. Oh, but wait, if they DIED in Florida, but had a home in NYC, that doesn't count...and, if they DIED in Florida, but were really just in a care home, that doesn't count....the data is useless.
 
Covid deaths reach 4,000 a day in Brazil, hospitals at breaking point
Miguel Nicolelis, a Brazilian doctor and professor at Duke University, compared the explosion of cases to a nuclear reactor.

“It's a nuclear reactor that has set off a chain reaction and is out of control. It's a biological Fukushima," Miguel Nicolelis, a Brazilian doctor and professor at Duke University, told Reuters.“

[...]

“The surge in deaths across the globe serve as a grim reminder that despite successful vaccination roll-outs in the U.S., U.K. and other countries, the global pandemic can't be suppressed while the virus still lingers and mutations evolve.

"No single government or multilateral agency can address this threat alone," the World Health Organization said in a statement last week. "The Covid-19 pandemic has been a stark and painful reminder that nobody is safe until everyone is safe."“
 
At Least 43,000 Kids in the U.S. Have Lost a Parent to COVID-19, Study Finds

more at link
APRIL 7, 2021 12:29 PM EDT
There’s been a collective quality to the dying the world has witnessed since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The nearly 3 million global deaths that have been recorded so far have not been discrete events; rather, each one has radiated outward, leaving holes in families, neighborhoods, entire communities. There is perhaps no hole more gaping than the one left in the life of a child when a parent is taken too young—a loss that leads to traumatic grief, depression and, as research has shown, academic problems and even a higher risk of unintentional death or suicide.

Now, a study published April 5 in JAMA Pediatrics has attempted to take a census of the growing number of children in the U.S. age 17 and younger who have lost at least one parent to the pandemic. Not only is the size of that grieving population alarming, the study showed, so too is its make-up, with Black children suffering a disproportionate share of so terrible a loss.

“We’re opening up the newspaper everyday and looking at the growing number of people who have died,” says Rachel Kidman, lead author of the paper and an associate professor in public health at Stony Brook University. “But we’re not thinking about the number of people left behind and that’s a staggering amount.”
 

“A highly infectious variant of the coronavirus that was first identified in Britain has now become the most common source of new infections in the United States, the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Wednesday — a worrisome development that comes as officials and scientists warn of a fourth possible virus surge.“

Most U.S. infections are now caused by a contagious new virus variant, the C.D.C. says.


*The original prediction iirc was that this would be the case in March, it took a little longer than predicted jmo)




At Least 43,000 Kids in the U.S. Have Lost a Parent to COVID-19, Study Finds

more at link
APRIL 7, 2021 12:29 PM EDT
There’s been a collective quality to the dying the world has witnessed since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The nearly 3 million global deaths that have been recorded so far have not been discrete events; rather, each one has radiated outward, leaving holes in families, neighborhoods, entire communities. There is perhaps no hole more gaping than the one left in the life of a child when a parent is taken too young—a loss that leads to traumatic grief, depression and, as research has shown, academic problems and even a higher risk of unintentional death or suicide.

Now, a study published April 5 in JAMA Pediatrics has attempted to take a census of the growing number of children in the U.S. age 17 and younger who have lost at least one parent to the pandemic. Not only is the size of that grieving population alarming, the study showed, so too is its make-up, with Black children suffering a disproportionate share of so terrible a loss.

“We’re opening up the newspaper everyday and looking at the growing number of people who have died,” says Rachel Kidman, lead author of the paper and an associate professor in public health at Stony Brook University. “But we’re not thinking about the number of people left behind and that’s a staggering amount.”

More JAMA articles (meant to post earlier (MIS-C), thanks for reminding me @weepingangel):


Characteristics and Outcomes of US Children and Adolescents With MIS-C Compared With Severe Acute COVID-19
Feb. 24, 2021

Neurologic Involvement in Children and Adolescents With COVID-19 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome
March 5, 2021

Epidemiology of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
A Step Closer to Understanding Who, Where, and When
April 6, 2021

Trends in Distribution of US Children With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome During the COVID-19 Pandemic
April 6, 2021







Hospitals are seeing more young adults with severe Covid symptoms, CDC says
https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/07/hos...lts-with-severe-covid-symptoms-cdc-says-.html
 
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Army’s own vaccine that could fight COVID variants begins clinical trials



Children now playing 'huge role' in spread of COVID-19 variant, expert says

“Osterholm previously supported sending children back to school. He said the virus was not a major threat to children. Now, the situation has changed.”

[...]

"Anywhere you look where you see this emerging, you see that kids are playing a huge role in the transmission of this," Osterholm said. "All the things that we had planned for about kids in schools with this virus are really no longer applicable. We've got to take a whole new look at this issue."

[...]

“The British Medical Journal wrote two months ago that "emerging evidence from Israel and Italy (shows) more young children are being infected with new variants of COVID-19."“
 
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Offering some perspective here: As I understand it, it took the UK almost 4 months of lockdown to curb B117. They have plans to open up April 12.

With B117 now dominant in the US, as predicted, (and other troublesome variants here, 1351, P1, double mutant ETC ETC), and with our high baseline, no mitigation, restrictions eased, yes again, vaccines will offer some buffering, thank GOD, but I don’t see how we are going to be hunky dory in July, jmo. We will see, maybe I’m wrong. I haven’t disagreed with Dr. Fauci up to this point, (mass respect and props here to Doc F), and IANAD. Maybe things will be hunky dory in July. With the variants, I’m not sure. I’ve been tracking P1 since December, I think. It’s now April and it’s really hammering Brazil and South America 4 months later. It really is a race against the vaccines.


eta: I am VERY worried, the most worried I’ve been since the pandemic started, the world is on fire. See international updates here, I can’t tell you the number of countries in lockdown right now, countries seeing their highest case numbers and deaths to date. Thankfully Biden is RACING and doing the best he can with vaccines. So many countries don’t have this, shoot some don’t even have medicines. I am also really worried about the kids.


Eta: From the Massachusetts thread/just posted:
More than 4,500 COVID cases confirmed among children younger than 14 over the last two weeks

Active COVID infections in Massachusetts rose to 35,075 on Wednesday, up from 34,652 on Tuesday

State health officials confirmed another 2,292 new COVID-19 cases on Tuesday. That’s based on 118,123 new molecular tests

Officials also announced another 21 COVID-related fatalities, bringing the death toll from the pandemic to 17,014.

The number of COVID patients currently hospitalized on Wednesday is 755, up from 725 the day before. Of them, 179 are in intensive care, and 105 are intubated, data shows.

The Department of Public Health added new data showing the number of infections confirmed among children younger than 15. Over the last two weeks, 1,174 cases were confirmed in children younger than 5; 1,499 infections were confirmed in children between the ages of 5 and 9; and 1,889 infections were confirmed in children between the ages of 9 and 15, according to the latest data from the Department of Public Health.

Roughly 3,031 teenagers between the ages of 15 and 19 came down with COVID between March 21 and April. And an astonishing 7,205 cases were confirmed among 20-somethings, according to DPH.

The seven-day average of positive tests is 2.46%, down slightly from 2.5% reported on Tuesday.

Since the pandemic began, officials have confirmed 611,825 total COVID-19 cases across the state.

There have been a total of 4,111,327 COVID vaccine doses administered in Massachusetts to date, and 1,571,073 residents are now fully vaccinated.


Graphs @link
2,292 new COVID-19 cases, 21 additional deaths reported in Mass.
 
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Yes just now scored DH a first phizer shot!:D



Nearly half of new COVID cases in Massachusetts tied to U.K. variant
The percentage of new cases of coronavirus in the Massachusetts caused by the U.K. variant has grown to nearly 50% between Feb. 1 and March 28, according to recently published data.

The variant is considered about 60 percent more contagious and 67 more deadly than the original virus

According to current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data, some 712 cases in Massachusetts have been identified with the B.1.1.7 variant, which the CDC has said represent about 6% of the different variants in the state.

Other variants in the state considered of concern by the CDC because of their higher rates of transmission and severity are 58 cases of the P.1. variant that emerged out of Brazil and that are tied to a cluster on Cape Cod, and 12 cases of the B.1.351 variant out of South Africa.

Cases of coronavirus have increased by 22% over the last 14 days in the commonwealth and hospitalizations by 13%, mirroring increases in much of the country
 
Up to $9,000 available to help cover COVID-19 victims funeral costs, Sec. William Galvin says
More
Those who have lost loved ones to COVID-19 may be eligible to receive assistance with funeral costs, Secretary of State William F. Galvin said Wednesday.

The Federal Emergency Management Agency will reimburse up to $9,000 in funeral expenses for those who lost a loved one to COVID-19 after Jan. 20, 2020.




Team Update
More at link
from Team Physician - Jim Bovard, M.D. & Infectious Disease Physician - Josh Douglas, M.D.
by Canucks Communications @Canucks / Vancouver Canucks
As of today, 25 individuals have tested positive and the source infection is confirmed a variant - full genome sequencing by BCCDC will be required to determine which specific type. Among the 25 positive cases are 21 players (three players from taxi squad) and four members of staff. One additional player is considered a close contact.

An ongoing investigation by Vancouver Coastal Health and club contact tracing staff attributes the source infection to a single individual obtained in a community setting, which has since been identified by public health as a public exposure location. Rapid spread of infection throughout the team indicates a link between contacts and the primary case.

The Canucks are grateful for the continued support of local public health officials, the NHL and NHLPA and encourage everyone to help prevent the spread of COVID-19 by following health orders. COVID-19 infections are rising in BC. This is a stark reminder of how quickly the virus can spread and its serious impact, even among healthy, young athletes.
 
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Latest Q&A from Vincent Racaniello and Amy Rosenfeld of the TWIV team. Both are virologists at Columbia University, and experts in their field

Remember that you can play at 1:25 or 1:50 speed, and of course, then you can always go back and rewind any important sections.


I'm of the opinion that we need to campaign for Amy to have more help in the lab and hopefully then more sleep ;)
 
CDC and state disagree on the number of COVID variants in Colorado | FOX31 Denver



Colorado ending statewide COVID-19 Dial, allowing for local control | FOX31 Denver

“DENVER (KDVR) – Colorado plans to end the statewide COVID-19 Dial system next week, giving control over health orders to local governments. The change will happen April 16, a spokesperson from Gov. Jared Polis’ office confirmed on Wednesday.”

* So now it will be up to individual counties, cities or municipalities how to handle responses/restrictions based on covid conditions.



Colorado vaccination site closes early after reactions to Johnson & Johnson vaccine
'We followed our protocols and in an abundance of caution, made the decision'

“A vaccination site in Colorado closed early Wednesday after a "limited number" of people began having adverse reactions to the Johnson and Johnson COVID-19 vaccine, resulting in hundreds of people who waited in line for hours being sent home without receiving a shot.”



Dick’s Sporting Goods Park vaccination site closes early after some suffer adverse reactions


Virus Variant in Brazil Infected Many Who Had Already Recovered From Covid-19
March 1, 2021

Michigan identifies first case of COVID-19 P1 variant from Brazil
April 1, 2021

“”This is the second new variant of COVID-19 to be identified in Bay County since last week, and the rise of these new variants definitely impact the progress we have made this year with vaccinations,” said Joel Strasz, public health officer of the Bay County Health Department.

The Bay County Health Department has investigated three cases of the B117 variant since the first case was identified in the county on March 26. No cases of the B.1.351 variant have been identified in Bay County.“



'Double mutant' coronavirus variant is found in California
April 6, 2021

“SAN FRANCISCO — A possibly worrisome variant of the coronavirus first identified in India — so new that it has no official name — has been found in California by scientists at Stanford University.“

[...]

“The Stanford lab identified one confirmed case of the new variant and seven presumptive cases among samples from patients in the Bay Area, Pinsky said.

None of the other variants being monitored by federal officials have the same combination of these two mutations, known as L452R and E484Q, the latter of which is closely related to a more well-known mutation known as E484K.

The L452R mutation became well known in California as one found in the California variant (B.1.427/B.1.429), resulting in a strain that is believed to make the virus more infectious and might cause reduced immunity in people who have been vaccinated.

The E484Q mutation is closely related to the E484K mutation, which has been found in variants first identified in South Africa (B.1.351); Brazil (P.1 and P.2) and New York (B.1.526). The E484K mutation is also concerning because it might give the virus the ability to partly evade the immune system’s protective response among inoculated people or those who have survived a conventional COVID-19 illness.

“What we don’t know is how those [two mutations] will behave when they’re put in the same virus,” Pinsky said. “There’s a reasonable amount of information about those [two mutations] individually. But will it be worse if they’re together? We don’t really know how they’re going to interact.”“



COVID-19 vaccines work well against California variant, scientists say

2 vaccines in use will be effective against variant of COVID-19 identified in California, Duke finds


BBM
New 'double mutant' COVID-19 variant identified in Northern California
The double mutant COVID-19 variant started in India's largest city known as Mumbai.

“CHICO, Calif. - Doctors recently found the first U.S. case of the new "double mutant" COVID-19 variant in a patient in San Fransisco. The double variant has both the California and South Africa strains combined.“
 
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1st Cases Of Brazil Variant, More Contagious S. African Variant In L.A. – Deadline

“Public Health Officials in Los Angeles reported on Wednesday that the county had detected the first cases of the Coronavirus variants originally seen in Brazil and South Africa. While only three instances of the virus strain from Brazil — also known as P.1 — and one instance of the variant from South Africa — known as B.1.351 — were detected, they are likely far from the only cases in the county.“

L.A. County reports 1st known cases of coronavirus variants detected in South Africa and Brazil | KTLA

“The mutated version of the virus first identified in South Africa, known as the B.1.351 variant, was found in one case last week. Meanwhile, another variant of concern first detected in Brazil, known as the P.1 variant, was found in three cases.

“Although these are the first reported cases of the South Africa and Brazil variant in L.A. County, it is likely there are additional undetected and undiagnosed cases,” Public Health Director Barbara Ferrer said in a virtual briefing Wednesday.

That’s because “very few” of the county’s coronavirus specimens undergo genomic sequencing to determine the variant type, Ferrer said.”




Colorado / Two COVID-19 variants most prevalent in El Paso County - KRDO

“EL PASO COUNTY, Colo. (KRDO) -- According to state data, El Paso County leads the way on where most positive COVID-19 variant cases are found in the state of Colorado. Multiple variants of the virus that causes COVID-19 have been documented in the United States and globally during this pandemic, and two of them are most prevalent in El Paso County.

"The B117, or the UK variant, is the one we're seeing more of, as far as absolute numbers go," says Dr. Robin Johnson of the El Paso County Health Department.

"The other one we are seeing is the California variant. We haven't seen the other ones of concern in El Paso County, though they are in the state in the smaller numbers," she explains.“


New COVID variants concern Colorado health officials | FOX31 DENVER

“BOULDER, Colo. (KDVR) — State health officials tell FOX31 that the two cases of the Brazilian COVID-19 variant found in Colorado do not appear to be connected. Officials are still doing contact tracing to try to determine how the two individuals contracted the virus.“



BBM:
“The spread of the U.K. variant, which scientists have found to be more contagious, adds to growing concerns that the country may be on the cusp of another surge. Both case numbers and hospitalizations are increasing, even as the U.S. is vaccinating an average of nearly 3 million people each day.

Walensky reported that some of the recent clusters of cases have been linked to day care centers and youth sports, adding that the uptick in infections seem to be driven by young people.

"Hospitals are seeing more and more younger adults — those in their 30s and 40s — admitted with severe disease," she said.”


U.K. coronavirus variant is now the dominant strain in the U.S., CDC says



BBM:

“All three vaccines authorized in the U.S. -- Pfizer, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson -- have proven to work effectively against the B-117 variant.


The vaccines are also expected to provide immunity for at least six months, and likely longer, Dr. Anthony Fauci, the nation’s chief infectious disease expert, said at Wednesday’s briefing.“

UK variant has become most dominant COVID strain in US, CDC says



Pfizer, Moderna vaccines may be less effective against B1351 variant
Feb. 18, 2021

“All serum samples were able to neutralize the viruses but were about two-thirds weaker against the B1351 spike protein. However, the authors said that because the vaccines also produce other types of immune responses, such as from T cells, they may be more effective in real life than in the lab.

"Thus, it is unclear what effect a reduction in neutralization by approximately two thirds would have on BNT162b2-elicited protection from Covid-19 caused by the B.1.351 lineage of SARS-CoV-2," they wrote.”

[...]

"Protection against the B.1.351 variant conferred by the mRNA-1273 vaccine remains to be determined," the authors said.”



Study finds rapid spread of B.1.1.220 variant with E484K mutation in New York
March 24, 2021

“New research led by Patrick McGann from Walter Reed Army Institute of Research found the first cases of the B.1.1.220 variant with an E484K mutation on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein. Their results suggest the variant recently emerged as B.1.1.220 was not found in New York before December 2020. Still, it quickly made up 25% of coronavirus strains in late January and early February.“



CIDRAP / Feb 25, 2021
New COVID-19 variants found in New York, California

NY variant may create vaccine issues
In New York, a new variant that carries a mutation that may weaken the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines has been identified as the B.1.526 variant. It was first discovered in November, and now accounts for about one in four viral sequences in a database shared by scientists, according to the New York Times.

In a paper published today from Columbia University, the authors noted a steady increase in the detection rate of B.1.526 cases from late December to mid-February, with a rise of 12.3% in the past 2 weeks.

Cases have been detected across New York City, researchers said, and threaten to once again make the city a hot spot of viral infection. They say the strain's "unique set of spike mutations may also pose an antigenic challenge for current interventions," such as vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies.“



Expert says Michigan could be the home of next COVID-19 variant

“Michigan has the highest rate of confirmed cases of COVID-19 variants of any state in the U.S., and experts said the state has warning signs of becoming home to a new mutation.

New cases of the virus in Michigan are up more than 600% over the past six weeks to almost 6,000 a day.“




https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2021/04/08/coronavirus-covid-live-updates-us/

BBM:

“Public health experts are raising the alarm over Brazil this week as the pandemic-hit nation has reached several grim coronavirus milestones, including a record number of deaths and the possible spread of multiple more contagious variants.“



The big hole in America's plan to fight Covid-19 variants

“The global scramble to produce enough Covid-19 vaccine for 7 billion people is about to get even tougher, as drugmakers and countries ready a second round of shots to combat the growing threat of virus variants.

Finding vaccines that can ward off more contagious or virulent strains is only half the battle. The United States has virtually no capacity to manufacture revised vaccines or booster shots alongside the original versions, according to a half-dozen vaccine experts and Biden administration health officials. Setting up additional facilities could take months or even years.“



BBM:
What an epidemiologist says you should know about the P.1 variant in Mass. | Boston.com

‘The response needs to be pretty aggressive’: What an epidemiologist says you should know about the P.1 variant in Mass.
“We need to take these variants incredibly seriously, much more seriously than we’re doing now.”

“As of Wednesday, the state has also identified 977 cases of the B.1.1.7 variant, first detected in the United Kingdom, and 12 cases of the B.1.351 variant, initially found in South Africa, according to the CDC. Still, new data from the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard revealed that less than a month from the first detected P.1 case in Massachusetts, the variant had spread faster than any of the other virus strains in the Bay State.“
 
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  • "Travelers should avoid all travel to Canada.
  • Because of the current situation in Canada even fully vaccinated travelers may be at risk for getting and spreading COVID-19 variants and should avoid all travel to Canada.
  • If you must travel to Canada, get fully vaccinated before travel. All travelers should wear a mask, stay 6 feet from others, avoid crowds, and wash their hands."
CDC: Do not travel to Canada, even if you are vaccinated
 
Upper Midwest Covid-19 Surge May Signal Problems Ahead for U.S.



So, the video below has been attacked to pieces in the YouTube comments, dubbed “fear mongering” and everything else often seen re: anything to do with Covid (“hoax“, “clickbait”, all that usual stuff). I however wanted to bring it forward because IMO it may have some academic value, particularly due to the crazy spin off of all these variants we are seeing.

@SouthAussie and I also discussed briefly last night, as we have all discussed previously, about how we may indeed end up having to get vaccines for covid periodically, as with the flu. Dr. Mike (and others) have also said, as I’ve notated previously, that there IS a chance this could become an “endemic“.

Imo, the content of this video is explained/presented clearly and realistically. There is no candy coating here, I’m afraid...at least it tries to end somewhat on a positive note. ;)





  • "Travelers should avoid all travel to Canada.
  • Because of the current situation in Canada even fully vaccinated travelers may be at risk for getting and spreading COVID-19 variants and should avoid all travel to Canada.
  • If you must travel to Canada, get fully vaccinated before travel. All travelers should wear a mask, stay 6 feet from others, avoid crowds, and wash their hands."
CDC: Do not travel to Canada, even if you are vaccinated

“The CDC has issued its highest travel alert level for Canada.”
Hmmm, “UPDATED: APR 7, 2021“:

*Sounds like they’re really trying to ward off P1, and the other variants, as much as possible, jmo.



Why Canada is losing the race between vaccines and variants as the 3rd wave worsens
Variants rapidly outpacing vaccinations as third wave shows no signs of slowing down

“More than 15,000 cases of the more transmissible and potentially more deadly variants have been reported across Canada to date, with more than 90 per cent of those being the B117 variant first identified in the United Kingdom.

But the P1 variant first discovered in Brazil is also on the rise in Canada, with cases doubling in the past week to close to 1,000 — mostly in British Columbia, Ontario and Alberta.

And the B1351 variant first found in South Africa is also picking up steam, with over 150 casesidentified in Quebec, more than 70 in Ontario and over 50 in B.C as of Tuesday.

But experts say Canada's slow vaccine roll out has failed to keep up with the exponential rise in variants in the third wave and the premature loosening of restrictions has led to an increase in hospitalizations and deaths — even in younger Canadians.

[...]

“Canada's Chief Public Health Officer Dr. Theresa Tam says another unanswered question that has huge implications for our ability to control the third wave is whether variants like P1 pose a threat to COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness.

"This virus might be capable of evading the immune response," she said. "But we do not have an actual vaccine effectiveness estimate that is solidified."“
 
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