Thanks! This is great info to have!
I've long forgotten this stuff. There was a time I wrote up judgements for law reports so would read a few murder appeal judgements each year. But basically this is hardly the first murder/manslaughter trial NZ has had, and this stuff has been heavily litigated. So key components of the judges instructions are boiler plated from long experience. He doesn't just make all this stuff up on the spot.
We also only see the iceberg effect. The lawyers have likely argued before the Judge as to how the law fits and the judge has to interpret that.
One of the issues I think is legally fascinating is the concept of "injury" as that is required for a murder conviction under s 167(b) - per the Crown alternate pleading.
As you can see, there are 4 key requirements
- Was there an injury?
- Did he mean to cause it?
- Did he know it was likely to cause death?
- Was he reckless about the possibility of death?
s 167(b) is more aimed at the classic situation where you mean to hurt someone rather than intend to kill them. So if I deliberately hit you with a bottle on the head, all 4 boxes are probably ticked. I meant to injure you, and must have known it could kill you.
Strangulation "for sex choking" strikes me as an uncomfortable fit.
- There was an injury - but the injury is not causing death. The strangling is causing death. Is blocking blood/oxygen flow an "injury"?
- Did he intend to cause the injury?
- Reckless? Clearly yes IMO
I do wonder if all of this is a bit too cute.
Strangling someone for 5-10 mins, you must have realised you were causing death but made the decision to continue. Seems the better fit.