@ Peter Brendt-
How common are serial killers working as a team? I have heard of a duo (Otis Toole & Henry Lee Lucas?). Have you heard of any serial killing teams that were comprised of more than two killers?
Thanks for your help!
Teams and packs are not so rare, but it's not that one is lurking on every corner. Technically, they are a systematic in their own right, but I skip that, that would fill another book.
The best known cases are non-sexual bound teams. Those can be friends, or often relatives. They have no sexual relationship to each other and technically, each of the partners has somewhat his won reward from this symbiosis. However, the usual model of a dominant and a submissive or sub-dominant partner rarely holds water when checked against real cases. Examples for this category:
The Hillside Stranglers (Buono and Bianchi)
Charles Ng and Richard Lake
The two Shens in China
Abel and Furlan in Italy
Lotti and Vanni (also Italy)
Matsunaga and Ofate in Japan
Volkovic and Kondratenko in the Ukraine
The Washington snipers
and so on and so on. All over the world and at all times. You may note, Lucas and Toole are not in my list because I think, especially Lucas was more of a serial confessor than a real serial killer (he killed three, but from his personal surroundings).
The next level would be if a team gets a third, maybe even a forth person. They are all not bound by sexual relationships, but they share some degree of power assurance behavior. And such lose packs usually depend on a leader. Basically the same as a non-sexual team only with more people and a leader. Examples for this category:
The Bloody Benders (I love my historic cases)
Bonin the Freeway Strangler and his helpers
The killer nurses of Lains in Austria (four Angels of Death)
Dean Corll used several adolescents to bring victims to him and kill them
Then we have couples or sexual bound teams. Those depend basically on a love relationship in the team rather than on a real dominant or sub-dominat model. However, as it is in any couple, one often is the more noisy part.
Wuornos and Moore
The Gallegos aka Lonely Hearts
The Bears
The Wests
The Brady and Hindley in England (Moor murders)
Clark and Bundy
The Copleands
History also knows about murder cults, which would be a kind of mission-driven pack. And there are rare cases in which it appears at least, as if there were sexual bound packs. But I would have to look those up. Talking about very rare here.
Hope, that helps a little