Does anyone know if these TPN bags are made up at the hospital? The reason I say that is because when I attended on Monday it was almost as if Lucy was saying “I have no idea how the insulin would have ended up in the bag, maybe it came from outside the hospital when it was produced”
Now let me make it clear she didn’t use those words but In my opinion it was clear what she was trying to say. She wasn’t able to articulate clearly what she meant during that exchange and Mr Johnson moved on to another question.
here's the evidence heard about prescribed TPN -
The next witness to give evidence is Ian Allen, who worked in the Countess of Chester Hospital's pharmacy department in summer 2015.
Simon Driver, prosecuting, asks about the responsibilities Mr Allen had, which involved quality assurance and production of TPN bags for the neonatal unit.
3:16pm
Mr Driver focuses on the TPN bags, and a video which has been produced for the benefit of the court showing how a TPN bag is made.
Mr Allen confirms he has seen the video.
He describes the types of TPN nutrition bags - one would be used for the baby's first two days of life, and the other would be a maintenance 'stock' bag, supplied to the unit through the department.
3:20pm
Mr Allen says the initial order would be faxed down to the pharmacy from the neonatal unit. It would be handed to a pharmacist, reviewed by them, processed into a worksheet [a set of instructions on how to make the bag and the ingredients needed to make it].
A label would be generated.
A member of the pharmacy team would gather the ingredients/quantities required. Every medicine would come with a batch sheet number as part of the 'assembly'.
"Every step in the process has a standard operating procedure"
Staff would be trained in the process through nationally recognised quality assurance, he tells the court.
3:25pm
The items would be sprayed and wiped to sterilise them, and then made in a controlled environment.
Two operators would make the bag, with checks in place confirming the identity and quantity of the ingredients.
3:28pm
A pharmacist would check what has been used, looking at empty vials and ampoules to confirm what has been used.
The pharmacist would be ultimately reponsible for the product.
The unit would be subject to regulatory monitoring to ensure the safety, quaity and effectiveness of the products.
3:31pm
The video explaining how a TPN bag is made at the pharmacy department is played to the court for the second time - it was first shown on Monday.
The prosecution say they may intervene at various points in the video to ask Mr Allen questions about what is shown to the court.
4:00pm
Mr Allen is now demonstrating how a TPN bag and its connectors work - which does have a connector which can be opened.
4:02pm
The empty TPN bag and its connectors are now being passed around members of the jury and the defence for examination.
4:06pm
Mr Driver is asking Mr Allen about how a quantity of liquid could be added to one of the ports, which is shown to be possible.
4:10pm
The court is shown a nutrition prescription for Child F for August 4.
Mr Allen confirms he is familiar with the type of prescription shown, and the worksheet which is also shown to the court.
He said this particular TPN would have followed the standard protocols in the pharmacy, and was reflective of the prescription.
He said the bag would have been transferred from the pharmacy to the neonatal unit fridge.
4:14pm
A copy of the label for that TPN bag on August 4 would have been made for the pharmacy's records.
The label has a use-by date of August 11, to be stored between 2-8 degrees C.
4:18pm
The August 4 TPN bag did not have lipids prescribed on the prescription. Mr Allen said such lipids would have been prescribed separately.
Mr Driver asks 'Would there be insulin?' for the TPN bags.
Mr Allen: "No, there would never be insulin prescribed in these bags."
Mr Driver asks how would that [insulin prescription for a baby] be done?
Mr Allen: "...by separate syringes."
Cross-Examination
4:25pm
Ben Myers KC, for Letby's defence, rises to clarify one matter on the TPN bag, which had an expiration date of seven days.
He says normally, TPN bags could last for up to two months, but once the extra items are added to the prescription, the expiration would be reduced.
Mr Allen: "That's correct."
The court hears the stability of the bag is reduced.
Judge's Questions
Mr Allen explains, upon questions from the judge, there would be nothing added by a pharmacist other than trace vitamins. The TPN bag would contain components such as 10% dextrose.
The judge asks about the storage of the TPN bags.
Mr Allen says there would be a stock level of TPN bags - they would be 'off-the-shelf' bags and a number would be stored in the pharmacy, and a smaller number would be stored in the unit's refrigeration area.
4:28pm
Members of the jury are reminded by the judge, having heard a lot of expert evidence in the case today, not to conduct any independent research.
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