4 Univ of Idaho Students Murdered, Bryan Kohberger Arrested, Moscow, Nov 2022 #107

[PunishThenForgive]

MOO I think he had a hole ready, dug in the light of some advance day deep and not a place that gets plowed, where he went for the gap on the way to Moscow, to check on things, and where he went after on the way south before Blaine where there is also an approximately 15 minute gap.
I hope they walked all possible routes within 15 min gap with dogs.

Yes, I hope they did!

Also, was there a 15-minute gap both on the way to Moscow and on the way out?

If so, he may have used such a time gap before the murders to dress, lay down protective covering for his car, and check his murder kit. He couldn’t have done this in Pullman, which I assume has cameras everywhere (like in Moscow).

After the murders, I agree that he would use the time gap to bury the evidence in a pre-dug hole. In addition, his OCD would likely compel him to check and recheck that no incriminating evidence remained in his car or on his body. He wouldn’t have been able to wait, plus he had to prepare in case he was pulled over.

What do you think BK did during the second period that his phone didn’t report to the network (from 5:36 pm to 8:30 pm on November 13)?

Perhaps the pre-dug hole was temporary, and BK returned to the hole later that day so he could more permanently dispose of everything in the Snake River.

I don’t know why he couldn’t just go to the Snake River immediately after the murders. He may have felt compelled to check his planned disposal site in daylight before returning in darkness.

IMO

 

[snooptroop88]

If the prosecution theory is that Maddie was the main target, then it's clear where the leaked info originated.

I more or less accepted the Dateline theory, but I'm no longer convinced. Was he driven by motives of sexual violence towards one woman, or did he want to go down in history as a Bundy copycat who murdered several young female roommates attending university? Was the driving force sexual violence, mass murder, or criminal fame?

There was no sexual violence (that we know of), but should we assume there would have been sexual violence if Maddie had been alone in her bed? What about Xana? Kohberger had stalked/surveilled the residence enough times that he should have known that Xana might not be alone. Can the prosecution make the leap between: Bundy used sexual violence, therefore Kohberger, a fan, intended to imitate Bundy's sexual violence?

On the other hand, leaving the sheath on Maddie's bed suggests it was not attached to him (or in a pocket), so I think he must have taken the knife out of the sheath in her bedroom. Knife in one hand, sheath in the other. Does that suggests the knife was going to be used to threaten and coerce prior to murder?

In the days after the murders, he was probably already planning another mass murder and dreaming about the name he would be given by the media (e.g. BTK, Zodiac).

Thankful others on here are kind of fluid on this important point because I am, too. The "carving" aspect of this really, really is particularly gruesome, and I'm sort of wondering about that.

BK's a misogynist but he obviously harbored great hatred towards his male victim as well. And thinking about this, he did attack that house that night, where a male/EC was known to be often. But I'm fairly certain had BK wanted to avoid conflict with the male victim, he could have done so. He could simply have made sure he came on a night when EC was not there. I'm guessing EC wasn't at that house every single night. Now, maybe he was, but if he wasn't (just hypothetically speaking), that would be BK's chance to pounce and heighten his chances of avoiding conflict with any other male at all. And BK's into Bundy, I know there was talk of Bundy possibly having male victim/s. I'm going with the traditional interpretation that ALL of Bundy's victims were females. If BK's into Bundy, I don't know why he put himself in a situation where he's quite possibly going to be encountering a male.

So jmo, this can go in a lot of directions at this point. I hope we learn a lot more, and I'm sure we will. Agreeing with those still watching on the restaurant where the victims worked, am watching to see if BK ever visited that restaurant. The guy running out for Thai food with Dad seems like the type to me that would be aware of that restaurant. JMO, he was there. Also buying into the idea being loated with possible disposal of knife in Snake River.

If he's a Bundy fan, better have him shackled up but good because Bundy escaped twice, if memory serves me correctly.

No law library for you, BK!!!

 

[jepop]

Was there any connection whatsoever between Bryan K and Brett K? I remember reading all the theories about Brett (RIP) way back but I can't recall if there was.
That would be the only way imo, that Bryan's DNA got on the sheath if they were buddies or something. And showing off each others knives.
This is a a hell of a stretch and I think it's disgusting that the defence is going to try to use a deceased veteran with mental health issues to try to get the real killer off. I understand they have a job to do, but this is a new low.

RBBM above for focus.

Just feel like I have to say, at present I think this talk about Mr Kolpacka is only speculation on this thread ( and probably in sm in general ATM) ? Afaik, we don't know who defense's proposed TODDI/s are, as this was not revealed in the hearing.

I'm not sure how Mr Kolpacka's family would feel about his name being raised once again on social media in connection with BK's crimes. I can't imagine they would be very happy about it. LE already ruled out any connection prior to BK's arrest is my understanding. Jmo

At the latest hearing if I'm remembering correctly, Hippler said that the defense's proffer for TODDI was insufficient because no alt perp was named and there was no proper/ admissible evidence in the proffer (or something along those lines). I don't believe Hippler will allow any TODDI evidence at the trial unless the defense meet the statutory requirements for a nexus of suggestive evidence to the actual crime scene at the time of the crime. Jmo

The defense have until 23rd May to pad out their proffer. Jmo, AT and co. have been trolling through the many 1000s of public tips on the case, looking for a feasible alternative perp but I doubt they have fixated on Mr Kolpacka as Imo he was ruled out by LE in 2022 prior to BK's arrest. Hippler will not allow Mr Kolpacka to be named as alternative perp because there is no evidence that might suggest he could be connected to the crimes. Jmo.

Ebm for clarity.

 

[girlhasnoname]

I recently finished the novel The Frozen River for my bookclub, and the heroine, Martha Ballard (a late-eighteenth century Maine midwife) discussed having to wait until the ground thawed to bury a person.

I wonder if the ground was frozen on November 13 between Moscow and Lewiston, ID, making it difficult for BK to bury his kill kit.

What about the local ponds? Were they already frozen, removing that potential dumping option as well?

Another major character in The Frozen River was unsurprisingly a river—the Kennebec. In the novel’s opening scene, the river starts to freeze, fingers of ice creeping around the face of the murder victim.

Idaho’s Snake River apparently starts freezing in late November, but did it freeze earlier than usual in 2022? Or was it the only option available to BK to rid himself of damning evidence?

I always pictured BK as having dug or selected the location of his kill kit disposal beforehand. He had a small shovel in his car, not the kind for shoveling snow. Again, I think his poor driving skills and VSS (if he did in fact have it) was the reason he even brought his phone at all.

A CJ student would know having your phone is 'How to get caught 101'. I think he needed the phone to navigate the back roads where he disposed of the evidence.

JMO

 

[girlhasnoname]

Exactly what I was trying to say... This is a sad and disgusting tactic from AT.

While I agree it is sad and disgusting, it is AT's #1 job to defend BK, especially from the DP.

It certainly doesn't mean I like it either, but it is BK's Constitutional Right to a vigorous and competent defense. I do believe the State will be able to squash that theory though.

#ByebyeBry

MOO

 

[Twistinginthewind]

It's the only explanation I can think of for leaving the sheath behind. If he had it hooked to himself, he wouldn't have left it behind. He had to be carrying it lose in his hands ... or is there another explanation?

Another possibility, IMO, is that it was left on purpose with the Marine insignia as a red herring. JMO.

 

[girlhasnoname]

Don’t worry, AT has tale spinster help coming anytime she wants it!
View attachment 586584

MOO

GAAAAAH, that pic needs a warning...I almost spewed my coffee.

 

[girlhasnoname]

MOO I think he had a hole ready, dug in the light of some advance day deep and not a place that gets plowed, where he went for the gap on the way to Moscow, to check on things, and where he went after on the way south before Blaine where there is also an approximately 15 minute gap.
I hope they walked all possible routes within 15 min gap with dogs.

Agree, he could have dug one on any of the 23 previous passes by the house before the ground was frozen. He didn't have to wait until that night. IMO

 

[Twistinginthewind]

Was there any connection whatsoever between Bryan K and Brett K? I remember reading all the theories about Brett (RIP) way back but I can't recall if there was.
That would be the only way imo, that Bryan's DNA got on the sheath if they were buddies or something. And showing off each others knives.
This is a a hell of a stretch and I think it's disgusting that the defence is going to try to use a deceased veteran with mental health issues to try to get the real killer off. I understand they have a job to do, but this is a new low.

The only coincidence or connection between them that was mentioned in MSM early on was that they lived close by to eachother in Pullman, like less than a mile IIRC. No telling if they "knew" eachother in RL or on SM, but eventually (or previously) BK knew of Brent, at least after his passing and mentioned it to his father who brought it up with LE when they were pulled over driving back to PA. I always found that strange, myself, he would bring that up many states away from where it occurred. And wondered whether BK made a big deal of Brent's passing, to his dad anyway, in order to justify being spooked & not wanting to return to WA after the holidays on top of being "misunderstood" and losing his support/things circling the drain at school. MOO

 

[girlhasnoname]

Yes, I hope they did!

Also, was there a 15-minute gap both on the way to Moscow and on the way out?

If so, he may have used such a time gap before the murders to dress, lay down protective covering for his car, and check his murder kit. He couldn’t have done this in Pullman, which I assume has cameras everywhere (like in Moscow).

After the murders, I agree that he would use the time gap to bury the evidence in a pre-dug hole. In addition, his OCD would likely compel him to check and recheck that no incriminating evidence remained in his car or on his body. He wouldn’t have been able to wait, plus he had to prepare in case he was pulled over.

What do you think BK did during the second period that his phone didn’t report to the network (from 5:36 pm to 8:30 pm on November 13)?

Perhaps the pre-dug hole was temporary, and BK returned to the hole later that day so he could more permanently dispose of everything in the Snake River.

I don’t know why he couldn’t just go to the Snake River immediately after the murders. He may have felt compelled to check his planned disposal site in daylight before returning in darkness.

IMO

We know BK headed back to his apartment, called his father 3 times with lengthy conversations, showered and took his infamous 'thumbs up' bathroom selfie.

I then think he left Pullman to go back to Moscow to drive by the chaotic crime scene, which wasn't because the alarm had not been rung yet. I imagine BK was very PO'd and disappointed that his handy work hadn't been discovered yet.

MOO

 

[katydid23]

I thought BTK didn’t like stabbing his victims. Too messy, chaotic.

IMO

Dennis Rader provided the grisly account Monday as he confessed to being the BTK serial killer and pleaded guilty to 10 murders, saying he shot, stabbed or strangled his victims ...

BTK killer recounts grisly crimes

For nearly an hour, the balding figure in a tie and jacket matter-of-factly told a tale of horror that shocked the community he had terrorized for three decades.

www.deseret.com

 

[katydid23]

The first doc does state
It is understood that admission would be contingent upon the State laying a proper foundation with a Certificate/Affidavit under I.R.E. 803(6) or (8) STATE’S REPLY TO DEFENDANT’S OBJECTION TO MOTION IN LIMINE RE: SELF-AUTHENTICATION OF RECORDS IN RELIANCE ON I.R.E. 803(6) AND (8), I.R.E. 902(4) AND (11) AND/OR I.R.E. 803(24)

From that I take it that the response has some specific items listed that were specifically in response to the Defendant’s Objection to State’s Motion in Limine Re: Self-Authentication of Records, but that other self authentication records can also be used if the state lays a proper foundation for it. JMO.

ETA: I'd have to go look up the original State’s Motion in Limine Re: Self-Authentication of Records that defense objected to to see what all was in the original. I haven't gotten there yet.

EATA: I just looked up the redacted STATE'S MOTION IN LIMINE RE: SELF-AUTHENTICATION OF RECORDS IN RELIANCE ON LR_E. 803(6) AND (8), LR.E. 902(4) AND (11) AND/OR LR.E. 803(24) and the 1112 footage is not specifically listed in the original doc, so maybe it won't be "self-authenticated". Maybe it won't be used at all or maybe someone will testify along with it. As a thought.

I remember some of what we discussed in the Delphi trial because the defense was very insistent
upon their SODDI submissions. They failed at getting their 'alternate suspects' admitted because the judge ruled there was no 'nexus' between the two >>> The Victims and the Alternate Suspects.

“In a legal context, the term “nexus” refers to a connection, relationship, or link between two or more factors or elements. It is often used to establish a causal or substantive relationship between different conditions or criteria...."

The judge wanted some type of evidence to show there was a nexus, or a connection between the alternate suspect and the crime. [known connection to either the victim/crime scene or the defendant]

So I assume that Judge H wants to see some evidence that the potential new suspect has a link to the crime scene and the victims, at the very least. Was that suspect known to have motive, means or opportunity to have been the perpetrator ?

If AT tries to point to one of the ex boyfriends of KG or MM, or to the deceased Marine, or the nosy neighbour, then the defense will have to submit some actual evidence that one of them had a material connection of some kind to the crime scene, the victims, or the defendant. And there was a possibility that they could have been there at around that time.

I think that if AT had any evidence like that, she would have submitted it already.

 

[katydid23]

It boggles my mind.

“Police framed Bryan Kohberger to take the fall for Brent Kopacka, the true Idaho murderer.” That is what many a conspiracy-minded person thinks.

But why on earth would LE frame Kohberger when they could have just framed Kopacka? HE’S DEAD. LE could have “solved” the Idaho murders way ahead of schedule, on December 15, 2022.

That^^^ is such a good point. If LE was going to frame anyone, it would have been the deceased Marine.

Look, when I first heard about Kopacka’s shooting, I hoped against hope that LE had found the Idaho murderer. But they said Kopacka had no relation to the murders, and I believed them. Just I like I believed them (reluctantly) when they said the unsolved Oregon stabbings had no relation to the murders.

I hope AT doesn’t try to do the opposite of what many on Reddit believe that LE did—frame Brent Kopacka to take the fall for Bryan Kohberger.

 

[Tealgrove]

While I agree it is sad and disgusting, it is AT's #1 job to defend BK, especially from the DP.

It certainly doesn't mean I like it either, but it is BK's Constitutional Right to a vigorous and competent defense. I do believe the State will be able to squash that theory though.

#ByebyeBry

MOO

While I agree that AT needs to mount a vigorous defence for her client, pulling a name out of a hat, two and a half years after the fact, and trying to pin the murder of 4 people on some other dude, without evidence (if this is what is occurring), is appalling.

At least Perry Mason and Matlock had evidence to put the “real” bad guy behind bars.

We saw this tactic with Delphi and now here. Mollie Tibbetts as well to a degree.

When does openly accusing an innocent person for a crime so heinous, with no evidence whatsoever, become a crime in itself?

In non legal terms IMO these are outright lies and I despise this manoeuvre.

MOO

 

[concernedcitizen706]

I was thinking some more about somebody yelling around 4:00 a.m., "Somebody's here".

What are the circumstances where you would yell into a house with possibly sleeping roommates at night, that somebody's here? If you thought somebody was there, you would probably assume it was a guest of one of your roommates coming over late night. If you saw the back door open you would think dang, my roommates were born in a barn or something.

Or if went into the kitchen and you saw the back door open and you thought it was a little bit suspicious, you wouldn't just yell, somebody's here. You might look around a little bit to see what's going on first, before yelling out. You would look into the living room and the kitchen, maybe poke your head down the hallway, look at the staircases a little bit. You might text your roommates to ask if anybody came over.

So this is my theory on what I think happened.

I think xana was sitting there in the kitchen or the living room after 4:00 a.m. scrolling tick tock and eating her food.

And Bryan opened the back door and walked right past her and went upstairs.

And she may be caught a glimpse of him as he went upstairs. And that's why she yelled, somebody's here.

Bryan went upstairs and got right to work. The murders upstairs probably took him like a minute. Then xana heard the noises upstairs. Xana went upstairs to look. And then she came running back down.

I think that's how bold Bryan was.

I'm wondering if he set up a phone and internet jammer before he went in. That would give him more confidence.

Edit- I looked at the house plan again and I see if xana is sitting on the couches in the living room, she cannot really see into the kitchen because the couches are on the far right wall. Facing towards the front of the house. But maybe she heard the back door open.

I'm replying to myself here because I've been thinking some more about this situation of somebody yelling, somebody's here. I think I have some more new thoughts on it.

I think xana was sitting in the living room couch when Bryan came in through the backsliders. She was eating her food and looking through tiktok. The couches face away from the kitchen and are behind a wall from the kitchen, so she would not have a direct view to the kitchen.

But she probably heard him come in through the sliders, and yelled "Somebody's here." Now remember DM peeked out her room after she heard that, and she didn't see anybody. So that means that xana was not in the kitchen. And it means that Bryan had already gone upstairs.

Then dm said she heard somebody walking up the stairs. And then after, she heard somebody running downstairs. Notice it was only one person she heard, because the person must have gone upstairs and then downstairs. It couldn't be xana because then dm would have heard Brian too. She would have heard that two times. So it was probably just Brian.

So I believe the person she heard go upstairs and then downstairs, was Brian, before and after the murders upstairs. Not xana. Also because xana would probably be screaming if she ran down being chased by Brian.

I think after the murders upstairs Brian ran down the steps and then he ran down the hallway, right past xana, to Ethan's and xanas room. Opened the door went in and right away stabbed Ethan in bed.

Xana saw Brian right run past her in the living room. She didn't know what was up, if it was a prank or what, so she went over to her room to look. When she walked in she saw Ethan stabbed and Brian was there maybe at the side wall and then stepped behind her. That's when she whimpered because it was a shocked scared reaction. And Brian said I'm here to help. And that's when the fighting starts. I believe xana grabbed whatever was around to try and fight Brian off, and in my opinion it could have been a golf club, since Ethan was a golfer.

So no I do not believe the date line interpretation. Of course the police would have more evidence, like if there was blood evidence of stabbing upstairs of xana etc. but short of other evidence I believe this is what happened.

Edit- although the food was found in the kitchen afterwards. Hmm. So that would not work with my theory exactly of xana always being in the living room. So I'll have to modify the theory a little bit and here's the modification. After xana heard somebody come in through the kitchen sliders, she yelled somebody's here. Dm looked out did not see anybody. And then shortly after that, xana got up and went to the kitchen and put her food near the sink. She saw the sliders open. And that's when she heard the noises upstairs. Then Brian must have run down the hallway and she could see him running past the opening in the kitchen. And then she went to her bedroom to look.

Edit - I believe Brian wanted to kill both xana and Maddie because he feels they blew him off and disrespected him in the vegetarian restaurant. But I think his primary focus was Kaylee. Because after following xana and Maddie, he started getting into Kaylee as well. And he came there that night, because he knew from social media it was her last night there. I think Brian would have tried to go and kill more people but xana tuckered him out from that fight they had. And he knew he was there too long already so he just left. I'm sure xana was the first one who really gave him a good run for his money. I'm sure Brian has killed before and he was always successful in just stabbing people unexpectedly. But this time xana probably put Brian in fear of his own life for a second there, after he got some good blows to his stomach and chest and maybe his head with a golf club. So that's why he decided it was better to just get out of there.

 

[concernedcitizen706]

While I agree that AT needs to mount a vigorous defence for her client, pulling a name out of a hat, two and a half years after the fact, and trying to pin the murder of 4 people on some other dude, without evidence (if this is what is occurring), is appalling.

At least Perry Mason and Matlock had evidence to put the “real” bad guy behind bars.

We saw this tactic with Delphi and now here. Mollie Tibbetts as well to a degree.

When does openly accusing an innocent person for a crime so heinous, with no evidence whatsoever, become a crime in itself?

In non legal terms IMO these are outright lies and I despise this manoeuvre.

MOO

Well unless Brian has personal knowledge of Brent Kopeka. That's why Brian didn't talk about it before because he did not want to implicate himself as well.

 

[otto]

Thankful others on here are kind of fluid on this important point because I am, too. The "carving" aspect of this really, really is particularly gruesome, and I'm sort of wondering about that.

BK's a misogynist but he obviously harbored great hatred towards his male victim as well. And thinking about this, he did attack that house that night, where a male/EC was known to be often. But I'm fairly certain had BK wanted to avoid conflict with the male victim, he could have done so. He could simply have made sure he came on a night when EC was not there. I'm guessing EC wasn't at that house every single night. Now, maybe he was, but if he wasn't (just hypothetically speaking), that would be BK's chance to pounce and heighten his chances of avoiding conflict with any other male at all. And BK's into Bundy, I know there was talk of Bundy possibly having male victim/s. I'm going with the traditional interpretation that ALL of Bundy's victims were females. If BK's into Bundy, I don't know why he put himself in a situation where he's quite possibly going to be encountering a male.

So jmo, this can go in a lot of directions at this point. I hope we learn a lot more, and I'm sure we will. Agreeing with those still watching on the restaurant where the victims worked, am watching to see if BK ever visited that restaurant. The guy running out for Thai food with Dad seems like the type to me that would be aware of that restaurant. JMO, he was there. Also buying into the idea being loated with possible disposal of knife in Snake River.

If he's a Bundy fan, better have him shackled up but good because Bundy escaped twice, if memory serves me correctly.

No law library for you, BK!!!

The murder of Ethan is the big question. Kohberger should have known that Ethan was in the house based on surveillance of the house, and Ethan's vehicle.

That pushes the motive back to Maddie, and only Maddie. Xana was murdered because she heard the murder of Maddie and called out or investigated. Ethan was murdered because Xana ran to her bedroom, where she was murdered, and Ethan was in that bedroom.

Kohberger seems to be an arrogant man who believes himself to be more intelligent than all others. That may result in risk-taking, where he is confident that he, of all people, can take a higher risk and succeed. Risk taking can be exciting, challenging.

Carving Ethan may have been Kohberger's final release of his murder plan. Maybe a big part of his plan was to "carve" Maddie, but that was taken from him when he discovered she was not alone. When he got to the final victim, he had time to think, so he did what he planned to do in the beginning but was unable to do with the first three victims.

Everything he planned to do and fantasized over, since the day he purchased the knife, went sideways within minutes of entering the house. He overlooked the obvious risks that Maddie would not be alone, that someone would be awake and investigate, that someone else would phone 911. His fantasy about what he would do to one or more victims was probably planned and envisioned each day for months - which is most likely where "carving" comes into play.

 

[Knox]

Oh, we know exactly what they are and what they do. The only thing they're good for is photos, and the occasional poorly-written original reporting.

Spot on MG, they are my go to for photos in any case. But occasionally they do get direct quotes from witnesses. I think it’s up to the reader to verify authenticity on a case by case basis.

 

[pittsburghgirl]

I really appreciate how people here are willing to push back on the seeming established narrative of the murders. Those of you old enough to remember the murders of Sharon Tate and her friends will know that the prosecutor, Vincent Bugliosi, argued for a shocking motive for those killings, laid out both in court and in his book Helter Skelter. His argument was that Manson wanted to start a race war, thought that the Beatles song was a coded message and Cielo Drive was chosen because Manson had a grudge against a previous occupant, Terry Melcher. A 2019 book by James Buddy Day offers another theory, that Manson was involved in drug dealing that led to murders, and the Tate-LaBianca killings were done to distract attention from the other killings more directly connected to Manson.

I'm not going to offer an opinion on Manson, but I want to point out the prosecutors need a theory of the crime when the go to court, especially if the crimes are both senseless to ordinary people and sensational. In this case, one theory could be that BK was obsessed with one of the women and the others in the house were either collateral damage, (potential) witnesses or victims of a frenzy. Another theory could be that BK fixed on the house as a place where he could mass murder young attractive women, as Ted Bundy did, in which case he may or may have identified a particular woman he hoped to kill. The prosecution will have to settle on a story to tell the jury to help them make sense of what is a crime that is primarily about what I see as one person's psychopathy and evil. So I don't think we are going to get "the truth" about these killings from the trial; we're going to get a story that the prosecution believes in and can use to convict BK. And of course we will never learn the truth from the killer. Manson, Chris Watt, and a whole slew of serial killers have lied about what they did and why.

Edited for typos. And for those interested in Manson, there's a Netflix documentary based on Tom O'Neill's book, CHAOS: Charles Manson, the CIA, and the Secret History of the Sixties. James Buddy Day's book, Hippie Cult Leader: The Last Words of Charles Manson, is available free right now if you have Kindle Unlimited.

 

[pittsburghgirl]

Jumping off here and know I'm going to be in the minority , but how was the request for the paper asked? Did the professor say "The subject of the final paper is 'How would you process a crime scene?'" Or was is "Processing a crime scene"? It matters.

I had some doozy professors who would ask "What do you think was meant when ABC happened" when what they REALLY wanted was what what the prof TOLD us HE/SHE thought. And they'd mark wrong anyone who actually gave their own thoughts.

Was there something out there with the wording for the original assignment? (please and thank you if you have it). I, personally, can't judge how bad the paper is until I know the assignment.

I think a list was within the assignment guidelines and the professor was essentially grading to see if students knew the crime scene protocols, hence the A. That said, at the advanced undergrad level, students should also know how to structure a list, and a top effort should be logically organized and not lapse into first person story telling or refer to a victim as "the woman." What I gleaned from reading the list as a document is that the writer grasps information but has trouble with higher-level thinking, putting things in sequence, and representing what he knows from an objective POV. A common failing of such assignments is not maintaining parallel structure for the list, something BK might not have been taught but in a top criminal justice class hoping to prepare law enforcement officers is very important because police reports, especially for major crimes, have to be admissible in court.