Chloroform in the trunk of caseys car
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sleuthmommy
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Thank you, SuziQ. I have learned my lesson here not to believe it unless it's 'linked'. ;-)
PoppyMcTwist
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I agree with you -- it's 1st degree murder.
BUT, I'm sure the Anthony's will put some sort of innocent spin on this...
Patty G
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Now I think back to what Geroge said was in the trunk "cleaning fluid" and questioned why someone was carrying cleaning fluid in the trunk.
Anyone know the ingredients in basic "cleaning fluid"?
coltsgal
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Took this from wikipedia if anyone needs more info on chloroform:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroform
Inadvertent synthesis of chloroform
The haloform reaction can also occur inadvertently in domestic settings. Sodium hypochlorite solution (chlorine bleach) mixed with common household liquids such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethanol, or isopropyl alcohol may produce some chloroform, in addition to other compounds such as chloroacetone, or dichloroacetone.
Uses
The major use of chloroform today is in the production of the refrigerant R-22, commonly used in the air conditioning business. However, as the Montreal Protocol takes effect, this use can be expected to decline as R-22 is replaced by refrigerants that are less liable to result in ozone depletion. In addition, it is used under research conditions to anesthetize mosquitoes for experiments, most frequently for the study of malaria. In film and television, it is sometimes used in a fictional manner to knock out an unsuspecting victim, leaving no trace.
Anesthetic
Chloroform was developed in the mid-1800s and was mainly used as an anesthetic. Inhaling chloroform vapors depresses the central nervous system of a patient, causing dizziness, fatigue and unconsciousness[citation needed], allowing a doctor to perform simple surgery or other otherwise painful operations.
The precise mechanism by which chloroform produces anesthesia is not certain[7]. This is due, in part, to the fact that the mechanism of anesthesia itself is uncertain. There are two main theories of how drugs produce anesthesia. The Meyer Overton theory states that anesthetics dissolve in cellular membranes, causing structural distortion of the membranes. The distortion may reduce the conduction of a nerve impulse along a nerve cell. This theory is based on the observation that the potency of most anesthetic drugs is correlated with their solubility in oil. As an alternative to the Meyer Overton theory, it has been proposed that anesthetics interact with specific proteins. Examples of proteins that may be altered by binding of an anesthetic are neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels. Anesthetics may change the conformation (structure) of the protein. Other theories include actions at the interface between proteins and lipids.
One possible mechanism of action for chloroform is that it increases movement of potassium ions through certain types of potassium channels in nerve cells. A paper by Patel et al. published in Nature Neuroscience (May 1999, Volume 2, Number 5, pp. 422-426) shows that chloroform activates potassium channels. This can lead to hyperpolarization of membranes. Hyperpolarization of a nerve cell membrane makes it less excitable. When this occurs presynaptically, it will decrease the release of neurotransmitters. When this effect occurs postsynaptically, it reduces the response to a neurotransimitter.
In general, most anesthetics enhance inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain. Many of them do this by increasing the actions of the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, gamma-aminobutyric (GABA). Chloroform may also act by increasing GABA neurotransmission.
[edit] As a solvent
Chloroform is a common solvent because it is relatively unreactive, miscible with most organic liquids, and conveniently volatile. Small amounts of chloroform are used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry and for producing dyes and pesticides. Chloroform is an effective solvent for alkaloids in their base form and thus plant material is commonly extracted with chloroform for pharmaceutical processing. For example, it is commercially used to extract morphine from poppies, scopolamine from Datura plants. Chloroform containing deuterium (heavy hydrogen), CDCl3, is a common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy. It can be used to bond pieces of acrylic glass (which is also known under the trade name 'Perspex').
[edit] As a reagent in organic synthesis
As a reagent, chloroform serves as a source of the dichlorocarbene CCl2 group.[8] It reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide (usually in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst) to produce dichlorocarbene, CCl2.[9][10] This reagent effects ortho-formylation of activated aromatic rings such as phenols, producing aryl aldehydes in a reaction known as the Reimer-Tiemann reaction. Alternatively the carbene can be trapped by an alkene to form a cyclopropane derivative.
[edit] Safety
As might be expected for an anesthetic, inhaling chloroform vapors depresses the central nervous system. It is immediately dangerous to life and health at approximately 500 ppm according to the United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Breathing about 900 ppm for a short time can cause dizziness, fatigue, and headache. Chronic chloroform exposure may cause damage to the liver (where chloroform is metabolized to phosgene) and to the kidneys, and some people develop sores when the skin is immersed in chloroform.
Animal studies have shown that miscarriages occur in rats and mice that have breathed air containing 30 to 300 ppm of chloroform during pregnancy and also in rats that have ingested chloroform during pregnancy. Offspring of rats and mice that breathed chloroform during pregnancy have a higher incidence of birth defects, and abnormal sperm have been found in male mice that have breathed air containing 400 ppm chloroform for a few days. The effect of chloroform on reproduction in humans is unknown.
Chloroform once appeared in toothpastes, cough syrups, ointments, and other pharmaceuticals, but it has been banned as a consumer product in the United States since 1976.[11]
The National Toxicology Program's eleventh report on carcinogens[12] implicates it as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen, a designation equivalent to International Agency for Research on Cancer class 2A. It has been most readily associated with hepatocellular carcinoma.[13][14] Caution is mandated during its handling in order to minimize unnecessary exposure; safer alternatives, such as dichloromethane, have resulted in a substantial reduction of its use as a solvent.
During prolonged storage hazardous amounts of phosgene can accumulate in the presence of oxygen and ultraviolet light. To prevent accidents, commercial chloroform is stabilized with ethanol or amylene, but samples that have been recovered or dried no longer contain any stabilizer and caution must be taken. Suspicious bottles should be tested for phosgene. Filter-paper strips, wetted with 5% diphenylamine, 5% dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, and then dried, turn yellow in phosgene vapor.
Commonly used in DNA extractions and generally in conjunction with phenol to form a biolayer with extraction buffer (tris etc). DNA will form in the supernatant while protein and non soluble cell materials will precipitate between the buffer chloroform layers.
[edit] See also
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroform
Inadvertent synthesis of chloroform
The haloform reaction can also occur inadvertently in domestic settings. Sodium hypochlorite solution (chlorine bleach) mixed with common household liquids such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethanol, or isopropyl alcohol may produce some chloroform, in addition to other compounds such as chloroacetone, or dichloroacetone.
Uses
The major use of chloroform today is in the production of the refrigerant R-22, commonly used in the air conditioning business. However, as the Montreal Protocol takes effect, this use can be expected to decline as R-22 is replaced by refrigerants that are less liable to result in ozone depletion. In addition, it is used under research conditions to anesthetize mosquitoes for experiments, most frequently for the study of malaria. In film and television, it is sometimes used in a fictional manner to knock out an unsuspecting victim, leaving no trace.
Anesthetic
Chloroform was developed in the mid-1800s and was mainly used as an anesthetic. Inhaling chloroform vapors depresses the central nervous system of a patient, causing dizziness, fatigue and unconsciousness[citation needed], allowing a doctor to perform simple surgery or other otherwise painful operations.
The precise mechanism by which chloroform produces anesthesia is not certain[7]. This is due, in part, to the fact that the mechanism of anesthesia itself is uncertain. There are two main theories of how drugs produce anesthesia. The Meyer Overton theory states that anesthetics dissolve in cellular membranes, causing structural distortion of the membranes. The distortion may reduce the conduction of a nerve impulse along a nerve cell. This theory is based on the observation that the potency of most anesthetic drugs is correlated with their solubility in oil. As an alternative to the Meyer Overton theory, it has been proposed that anesthetics interact with specific proteins. Examples of proteins that may be altered by binding of an anesthetic are neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels. Anesthetics may change the conformation (structure) of the protein. Other theories include actions at the interface between proteins and lipids.
One possible mechanism of action for chloroform is that it increases movement of potassium ions through certain types of potassium channels in nerve cells. A paper by Patel et al. published in Nature Neuroscience (May 1999, Volume 2, Number 5, pp. 422-426) shows that chloroform activates potassium channels. This can lead to hyperpolarization of membranes. Hyperpolarization of a nerve cell membrane makes it less excitable. When this occurs presynaptically, it will decrease the release of neurotransmitters. When this effect occurs postsynaptically, it reduces the response to a neurotransimitter.
In general, most anesthetics enhance inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain. Many of them do this by increasing the actions of the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, gamma-aminobutyric (GABA). Chloroform may also act by increasing GABA neurotransmission.
[edit] As a solvent
Chloroform is a common solvent because it is relatively unreactive, miscible with most organic liquids, and conveniently volatile. Small amounts of chloroform are used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry and for producing dyes and pesticides. Chloroform is an effective solvent for alkaloids in their base form and thus plant material is commonly extracted with chloroform for pharmaceutical processing. For example, it is commercially used to extract morphine from poppies, scopolamine from Datura plants. Chloroform containing deuterium (heavy hydrogen), CDCl3, is a common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy. It can be used to bond pieces of acrylic glass (which is also known under the trade name 'Perspex').
[edit] As a reagent in organic synthesis
As a reagent, chloroform serves as a source of the dichlorocarbene CCl2 group.[8] It reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide (usually in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst) to produce dichlorocarbene, CCl2.[9][10] This reagent effects ortho-formylation of activated aromatic rings such as phenols, producing aryl aldehydes in a reaction known as the Reimer-Tiemann reaction. Alternatively the carbene can be trapped by an alkene to form a cyclopropane derivative.
[edit] Safety
As might be expected for an anesthetic, inhaling chloroform vapors depresses the central nervous system. It is immediately dangerous to life and health at approximately 500 ppm according to the United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Breathing about 900 ppm for a short time can cause dizziness, fatigue, and headache. Chronic chloroform exposure may cause damage to the liver (where chloroform is metabolized to phosgene) and to the kidneys, and some people develop sores when the skin is immersed in chloroform.
Animal studies have shown that miscarriages occur in rats and mice that have breathed air containing 30 to 300 ppm of chloroform during pregnancy and also in rats that have ingested chloroform during pregnancy. Offspring of rats and mice that breathed chloroform during pregnancy have a higher incidence of birth defects, and abnormal sperm have been found in male mice that have breathed air containing 400 ppm chloroform for a few days. The effect of chloroform on reproduction in humans is unknown.
Chloroform once appeared in toothpastes, cough syrups, ointments, and other pharmaceuticals, but it has been banned as a consumer product in the United States since 1976.[11]
The National Toxicology Program's eleventh report on carcinogens[12] implicates it as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen, a designation equivalent to International Agency for Research on Cancer class 2A. It has been most readily associated with hepatocellular carcinoma.[13][14] Caution is mandated during its handling in order to minimize unnecessary exposure; safer alternatives, such as dichloromethane, have resulted in a substantial reduction of its use as a solvent.
During prolonged storage hazardous amounts of phosgene can accumulate in the presence of oxygen and ultraviolet light. To prevent accidents, commercial chloroform is stabilized with ethanol or amylene, but samples that have been recovered or dried no longer contain any stabilizer and caution must be taken. Suspicious bottles should be tested for phosgene. Filter-paper strips, wetted with 5% diphenylamine, 5% dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, and then dried, turn yellow in phosgene vapor.
Commonly used in DNA extractions and generally in conjunction with phenol to form a biolayer with extraction buffer (tris etc). DNA will form in the supernatant while protein and non soluble cell materials will precipitate between the buffer chloroform layers.
[edit] See also
Chilly Willy
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Chloroform for medical use is unheard of today. I doubt that a pharmacy would have it available to fill a prescription as it would never be prescribed directly to a patient. It's unlikey Cindy had access to any. I'd be surprised to learn that hospitals have it on hand with so many other safer alternatives being used.
Girlrilla
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txsvicki
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Could this be the "cleaning fluid" that George was talking about in the trunk?
I just googled chloroform and found a website that tells you how to make it from two easy to come by items.
RebeccaAdrianne
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Grandma Cindy is a nurse! Maybe it's just something in the medicine cabinet along with whatever else she brings home from the office?
LI_Mom
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Ok remind me about the trunk....
the ditched the rotting pizza & what exactly was it about the cleaning.
They FOUND the cleaning stuff in the car OR they used it when they cleaned the car? Was it bleach?
The defense is ab-solutely going to argue that the source of the chloroform had to do with the bleach.
the ditched the rotting pizza & what exactly was it about the cleaning.
They FOUND the cleaning stuff in the car OR they used it when they cleaned the car? Was it bleach?
The defense is ab-solutely going to argue that the source of the chloroform had to do with the bleach.
sleuthmommy
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If this turns out to be true, disgusting, disgusting, disgusting. BTW, LP's on Headline News.
SuziQ
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California Dreamer
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Oh wow, good find! She sure could have found those ingredients in the Anthony home. I wonder if that find was on the hard drive as well. Just when you think it can't get any crazier!
carmenmiranda1
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In a vacant Sawgrass apartment, perhaps?
catherineb
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What tha?????
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