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Hi Carioca, I think any one of those scenarios you mentioned -- planking, etc. -- could have caused Max's fall.
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For those of us with math and science knowledge:
The formula for CG of a discrete (as opposed to a continuous) 3-dimensional body is: Xcg = ∑xW/∑W for CG along the x-axis, Ycg = ∑yW/∑W for CG along the y-axis, and Zcg = ∑zW/∑W for CG along the z-axis. xW,yW,zW = directional magnitudes of body; W = weight in magnitude of body; ∑=sum of individual components. The point at which all three intersect via
vector-analysis (summations by both direction and magnitude) is the center of gravity for the 3-D object.
If you think about this logically, this means that even though Max if standing on the 2nd floor landing on foot has a low CG, the CG can be raised if Max: a) stood on a chair; b) jumped up and climbed on the bannister; c) stepped on Ocean the large Weimaraner; d) stepped on any item that elevated his height, etc.
If you think about this mathematically, if Max was carrying his scooter, his weight with the scooter (the denominators in the CG equation) will always increase because two objects added together always give greater weight. However, the directional magnitudes of the CG (the numerators in the CG equation) will vary, that is, the CG can increase, decrease, or remain the same, depending on where Max held the scooter in relation to his body.
For example, if Max was holding the scooter in the typical fashion as seen in the pics on
http://www.letskickscoot.com/home/articles/carry_scooter.cfm, there would be NO WAY NO HOW Maxs CG would be increased enough vertically for Max to fly over railing independently because the x- and z-components of CG would cancel out and/or outweigh that of y-component (vertical) of CG.
In order for the theory that Max was flipping his scooter over his shoulders and at that exact moment he was somehow disoriented by this motion and the scooter with Max's CG raised it sufficiently for Max to fly over the bannister, Max would have to be carrying his scooter in an extended fashion such that the x-, y- and z-components of both Max's and scooter's CG added together would give a vertical CG that sufficiently raises Maxs CG so that he can fly over the bannister. Remember this is vector analysis and vectors can cancel out each other!
This hypothetical COULD happen, for example, if Max fully extended his scooter WHILE FACING THE CHANDELIER and was holding one end of his scooter so that Max plus the scooter's CG is sufficient to overcome gravity. But again, this would depend on the actual dimensions (weight, height, length, etc.) of both Max and the scooter and how exactly the scooter was oriented and positioned with respect to Max, and where Max was standing and facing which objects (e.g., chandelier) while executing this motion. I can only see such a strange action happening if Max was trying to reach the chandelier with the scooter (perhaps as some had proposed to dislodge a soccer ball or he was trying to catch hold of the chandelier with the scooter so he could swing from the chandelier). Other than that, I see no other plausible reason Max would be flipping his scooter over his shoulder while facing the chandelier and that at that precise moment of maximal extension of the scooter, the scooter then caught the chandelier and all (Max, scooter and chandelier) came tumbling down.
Therefore, given the physical evidence of the numerous fresh scrapes and dents made on the railing the day of Maxs accident, it is much more likely that Max was attempting to RIDE his scooter on the railing (as we see many young kids do on scooters in the scooter/skateboard parks) and slipped off, flying into the air and grabbing hold of the chandelier (which at that time had been in a much lower position prior to Jonah renovating the mansion after Maxs accidental fall) and then he, scooter and chandelier then came crashing down with Max sustaining the life-threatening injuries. In short, from Occam's razor, it's most plausible that Max had a freak accident trying to do a scooter stunt on the stairway railings.