You simply cannot fire on someone outside of your house unless they are actively in the process of breaking and entering.
And even if they are, you still can't shoot unless they're inside your residence !
Eta : If you have a glass or screened-in front/back porch with a door, and they're (intruder) inside that, it counts as your primary residence; iirc ?
The states have varying laws that cover such a scenario, iirc ?
I was on jury duty a few years ago and this was for a B&E where the intruder left muddy bootprints on the floor and the homeowner -- who was armed btw -- had his guns and ammo locked away due to their four year old child , and wasn't able to access them in time.
It was late at night and they were asleep, but the homeowner and his wife woke up just as the burglar was leaving the house.
They did not confront him.
He called 911 and the perp was caught breaking into yet another home !
We the jury were unanimous in finding the perp guilty.
He had in his possession credit cards, a tablet, and money taken from the homeowner who called 911.
If someone is inside your house and you are protecting your spouse/children, I think the SYG laws will protect you if you fire once in self defense at them.
Most people don't want to kill another human being, even if a burglar or whomever is inside their residence, and will shout that they're armed and for the intruder to get out !
All the while being on the phone with 911, and letting them know what's happening.
Imo.
So sorry for poor Ralph !
Everything I've read sounds like he is responsible person, and a fine young man, and he did nothing to invite such unwarranted violence.
A simple mistake nearly cost him his life and I doubt he will ever be the same.
This is infuriating.
Thankful he's alive.
My goodness.