Thanks for pointing that out, I somehow missed mtrooper's research. Now that I've read the entire thread...maggieo mentioned that New York residents will cross the border to Pennsylvania to avoid paying sales tax on clothing and shoes. Very true! When I lived near Erie the city's two Value City stores were popular among out-of-staters and Canadians. Value City, which folded in 2008, was a chain that bought closeouts from other companies. I cannot find anything online that indicated they ever bought closeouts that didn't sell at Shoe Dept., but they did sell a lot of name-brand clothing and shoes that they'd bought from other chains. Erie and its suburb, Millcreek, are the first big shopping areas once you cross the border from New York state. So there's a tiny chance the shoes were purchased from a closeout store, unless Shoe Dept. can confirm they never farmed out their closeouts to other chains like VC and Gabriel Brothers.