I looked up how to apply for a UK passport, and I have to say I'm surprised how easy it seems that a person can apply for, and get provided with a passport in the UK under a false name, there doesn't need to be any corruption in the passport office.
A UK passport is valid for 10 years, and a person can apply to renew it online, or with a paper passport application from the Post Office, and the person applying need to provide their own photos.
You can apply for, update, renew or replace a passport online.
www.gov.uk
The UK does not have a central civilian registry and there are no identification requirements in public. A person can use a driving licence, or a birth certificate from the UK (issued within 12 months of birth) among other documentation to identify themselves, see:
www.gov.uk
There seems to be plans for some kind of national identity card in the UK, but that's not until 2029!
As a UK driving licence is valid for 10 years, and it can also be renewed online, I would guess that once you have got a driving licence (or perhaps several with different names), it's easy to have the driving licences renewed with a new photo every 10 years, and that card is then accepted for getting passports, and other necessary documents.
Apply online to renew your 10-year driving licence, full or provisional - cost, payment methods, documents and information you need
www.gov.uk
The UK passport do have a biometric chip, but there are usually only facial biometrics, and no fingerprints, on the chip, while the biometric chip in passports in the countries in the European Union includes both facial and fingerprint biometrics. It's the same with the National identity cards in the European Union, both facial and fingerprint biometrics on the chip. While a pass and a national identity card in most countries in the European union are valid for 10 years, in both Sweden and Finland they are only valid for 10 years. I had to renew my Swedish passport in January 2025, and I had to do that at a police station, and the photo had to be taken there, and on the biometric chip there's both facial and fingerprint information, and I had to provide a valid identity card.
So I have to say that I find the way the UK passport application system works is less than secure when it comes to proving that the person whose photo is on the passport really is the person they claim to be, especially as there is no fingerprints on the chip.