Couple points of clarification as I read thru the comments here. (I am a WS-verified health care professional):
- It's unlikely Max had a cardiac consult to determine if he could be a transplant candidate. Max had sustained a 30+ min cardiac arrest, and had (at a minimum) 2 rounds of epi in addition to whatever supportive meds (cardiac, pressors, etc) that he was receiving in ICU. Typically, a patient with that history would not be considered a candidate for heart donation.
-There is no evidence he was defibrillated at the scene by paramedics. The reports state he had ROSC after 2 rounds of epi and CPR. ROSC is "return of spontaneous circulation." If he was in aystole, or had an agonal rhythm, or electromechanical dissociation (any or all of which are the most likely scenario), electricity is not indicated. Paramedics would have treated him differently if he was in a shockable rhythm.
-The process of determining brain death is complex, multifactorial, and involves numerous tests and measures over time. Typically, if a patient has fairly stable cardiac and physiological function, the process will occur over 24-72 hours or so-- every situation is different. But it is seldom a situation when the patient is alive with some hopeful prognosis one minute, and brain dead the next. The prognosis was not hopeful for Max from admission to the first hospital, when his decorticate posturing demonstrated a very grave situation-- BEFORE he was even transferred to Rady. Medical records, of course, document the total situation, but will not be released to the public (as they should NOT be, unless the family desires this). However, his neurological condition and prognosis would have been an ongoing discussion with family-- not just "one" conversation at as specific moment in time. Families are understandably in shock when a loved one is injured so severely, and often don't hear or interpret, or understand the explanations, especially in the first hours and days. I cannot fault Dina for hoping his condition was recoverable, nor can I fault her for not accepting or comprehending the gravity of the situation. From all that I have read, I cannot believe any physician held out any real hope that he could recover. The global cerebral edema was too massive at that point, and herniation was a matter of time, even with aggressive treatment to reduce intracranial pressure.
-A number of things have to be coordinated once a patient is declared brain dead, and the donation teams notified. These teams of surgeons and support personnel come from outside of the hospital, and are not in any way involved with the care of the patient while alive, nor participate in the decision to declare brain death. As Max's case was still under investigation at the time of his brain death, permission from the ME/ LE had to be also be given to allow donation. All of that takes time, as well as identifying and mobilizing the recipient patients and their caregivers.
During that period of time, no one is waiting for "toxins" to be eliminated from the donor. All meds that affect brain function and consciousness, such as pain meds, sedatives, and anesthetics, are withdrawn during the period of time BEFORE brain death is declared, so that the true picture of brain function can be assessed over time-- without those meds clouding the clinical picture. The patient continues to remain on the ventilator and receive bodily care, and certain meds (such as some blood pressure meds, electrolytes, etc) can still be given to ensure that target organs, remain in optimum condition for donation. This is an exquisitely difficult time for family members, as they observe many preparations for donation occurring, and care still being delivered aggressively to the patient's body in the ICU setting.
- It is true that many cases where children sustain serious or suspicious injuries are reported to social services, and then on to the police for investigation. That doesn't mean that there WAS anything that occurred that was non-accidental, nor does it ESTABLISH that there was any assault or child abuse before the fall. It's just part of the documentation and reporting process because Max sustained an unwitnessed accident.
Thank you so much K_Z for taking the time to explain all this and share your expertise with us!