Respectfully, Clause C does not say "use." It too says "brandish" [variations] and all of Section 3 uses that term 6 times (while it speaks of "use" of a firearm 0 times). The document you posted Section C reads as follows:
C. If the case is tried before a jury and if a
prima facie case has been established showing that a firearm
was brandished in the commission of the offense, the court
shall submit the issue to the jury by special interrogatory.
If the case is tried by the court and if a prima facie case
has been established showing that a firearm was brandished in
the commission of the offense, the court shall decide the
issue and shall make a separate finding of fact thereon.
However, what may be unclear (and I don't have the details) is what was in place from before, that remained in place. The text of Section 3 says that it is amending the prior law, not replacing it. Amending means adding to, of course. Yet it appears to be saying that the amending is resulting in the reading that follows, in which there is no mention of the "use" of a firearm, only it being brandished. From the document you posted:
SECTION 3. Section 31-18-16 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1977,
Chapter 216, Section 5, as amended) is amended to read:
Sorry - wrong link (that was showing what did get changed about brandishing). Here's the final legislative document (Act 120 in 2018) And I misled you with the wrong letter, it's section A.
But I'll quote it:
//"31-18-16. USE OF FIREARM--ALTERATION OF BASIC SENTENCE [SUSPENSION AND DEFERRAL LIMITED].-- A. When a separate finding of fact by the court or jury shows that a firearm was used in the commission of a noncapital felony, the basic sentence of imprisonment prescribed for the offense in Section 31-18-15 NMSA 1978 [shall] may be increased by three years..//
That's 2018 and it removed former section B and renumbered C to B. I'm not certain, but I think a change in 2020 says the original sentence cannot be served concurrently. And this 2018 version says *may* increase sentencing by 3 years. According to the current statute, "brandishing" includes "use" (and so supercedes use but does not vacate the former statute).
Where I think the sticking point comes is that the three year enhancement must surely have to be changed to a 1 year enhancement due to the fact that these crimes are Alec's first felony charges. I do wonder why he was not charged with assault on Joel Souza, though.
So the 2020 statute includes "use" in the word brandishing:
//
The 2020 amendment, effective July 1, 2020, increased the sentence enhancements for brandishing of a firearm in the commission of a noncapital felony, and defined "brandished" as used in this section; in the section heading, and throughout the section, substituted "brandished" for "used"; in Subsection A, after "shall be increased by", deleted "one year and the sentence imposed by this subsection shall be the first served" and added "three years, except"; in Subsection B, after "shall be increased by", deleted "three" and added "five", and after "years", deleted "and the sentence imposed by this subsection shall be the first three years served, and shall not be suspended or deferred; provided" and added "except"; and added Subsection D.//
So I'd think that perhaps Alec can get that charge changed to the 1 year version (first felony) unless there's something about Alec that we don't know. Here's a list of his former issues - including an assault charge in 2018, the disposition of which has not been made public:
Here's the actual involuntary manslaughter statute's language about the enhancement:
//
Use of firearm enhancement for negligent use. — Under the facts of this case, the state was required to prove that the defendant negligently used a firearm to commit a noncapital felony and this conduct resulted in the death of a human being. Use of a firearm is the same conduct required to enhance the defendant's sentence under Section 31-18-16A NMSA 1978. Because the state would not be required to prove any additional facts in order to have the defendant's sentence enhanced, the firearm enhancement statute is subsumed within the offense of involuntary manslaughter by negligent use of a firearm.
State v. Franklin, 1993-NMCA-135, 116 N.M. 565, 865 P.2d 1209.//
Justia Free Databases of U.S. Laws, Codes & Statutes
law.justia.com
(you have to scroll way down for involuntary manslaughter).
To me, it seems that a one year mandatory (and non-concurrent) enhancement is the proper charge. However, I suppose the prosecution might consider "brandishing" to be a matter of fact, to be determined by the jury. I would sure like to know what Joel and DH will have to say in court as to whether anything was said or done that could meet the criteria of brandishing (which apparently includes "use"). I can see why the prosecution wants that part to go to trial.
At the same time, it gives some room for Alec to bargain, I think.
Anyway, I do think "brandishing" includes use.