I am definitely NOT the techy-geeky type, so I didn't read your link. But on pinging (and I know this may be a stupid comment since I don't really understand it), my iphone reads my location as 30 miles away from here. I have to think if I ever went missing, my phone would be of no help in locating me. Like I said - I really don't "get" tech stuff.
Simple signal-level triangulation is tricky business. Imagine this scenario:
Three cellular communication sites (what you might refer to as "cell towers") are located near or within a relatively small town.
Since this is simplified triangulation we'll use signal level as the relevant point of measure. It is less complicated than the time-domain measurements used in current technology.
Assume flat landscape all around. Assume buildings are single-story. Towers are taller than all surrounding buildings, trees, etc. No obstructions. Also know this is NOT a realistic scenario for most cases and is designed only to illustrate how signal-level triangulation is executed. Real-world scenarios involve obstructions in direct signal paths, signal reflections, defective transmitters or receivers, etc.
The town is a perfect circle in shape and is 10 miles in diameter.
Cell phone is located somewhere in town. Powered on. Functional.
Cell Tower 1 is located 5 miles outside the north side of town border.
Cell Tower 2 is located 5 miles outside the east side of town border.
Cell Tower 3 is located 5 miles outside the south side of town.
Assume all sites transmit at the same power and have similar coverage.
Each signal covers similar area relative to their respective installation locations.
Cell phone detects signal from all three towers.
The signal from each tower to the phone arrives at a level relatively to the distance between their respective tower and the receiving phone.
Scenario:
Cell phone detects a strongest signal from Cell Tower One.
Cell phone detects an equally-strong (same level) signal from Cell Tower Two.
Cell phone detects a weakest-signal signal from Cell Tower Three.
Can you guess the general location of the phone?
Is it closer to the northern, southern, eastern or western border?
Without no additional information I would guesstimate the phone is located in the upper left area of town, perhaps on the border. That location places the phone equidistant from Cell Tower One and Cell Tower Two, with a greater distance to Cell Tower Three.
Note that this is quite an oversimplification and does not represent a real-world installation, but I hope it provides some clarification how this older methodology was used. Time-domain location technology works in similar fashion where triangulation is used but the TIME OF ARRIVAL of signal data is used as opposed to SIGNAL LEVEL. The closet analogy would be the differences between AM and FM radio: AM works off signal amplitude, FM works off of frequency variance, regardless of signal level.