Clowns had a sort of heyday in America with the television age and childrens entertainers like Clarabell the Clown, Howdy Doodys silent partner, and Bozo the Clown. Bozo, by the mid-1960s, was the beloved host of a hugely popular, internationally syndicated childrens show there was a 10-year wait for tickets to his show. In 1963, McDonalds brought out Ronald McDonald, the Hamburger-Happy Clown, whos been a brand ambassador ever since (although heavy is the head that wears the red wig in 2011, health activists claimed that he, like Joe Camel did for smoking, was promoting an unhealthy lifestyle for children; McDonalds didnt ditch Ronald, but he has been seen playing a lot more soccer).
But this heyday also heralded a real change in what a clown was. Before the early 20th century, there was little expectation that clowns had to be an entirely unadulterated symbol of fun, frivolity, and happiness; pantomime clowns, for example, were characters who had more adult-oriented story lines. But clowns were now almost solely childrens entertainment. Once their made-up persona became more associated with children, and therefore an expectation of innocence, it made whatever the make-up might conceal all the more frighteningcreating a tremendous mine for artists, filmmakers, writers and creators of popular culture to gleefully exploit to terrifying effect. Says Stott, Where there is mystery, its supposed there must be evil, so we think, What are you hiding?
Most clowns arent hiding anything, except maybe a bunch of fake flowers or a balloon animal. But again, just as in Grimaldi and Deburaus day, it was what a real-life clown was concealing that tipped the public perception of clowns. Because this time, rather than a tragic or even troubled figure under the slap and motley, there was something much darker lurking.
Even as Bozo was cavorting on sets across America, a more sinister clown was plying his craft across the Midwest. John Wayne Gacys public face was a friendly, hard-working guy; he was also a registered clown who entertained at community events under the name Pogo. But between 1972 and 1978, he sexually assaulted and killed more than 35 young men in the Chicago area. You know
clowns can get away with murder, he told investigating officers, before his arrest.