So what exactly is PTSD? It stands for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder develops after an ordeal which involves some form of trauma. The person who develops this disorder may have been harmed or harm may have happened to a loved one, or the person may have witnessed a harmful event which happened to loved ones or strangers.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder was first brought to public attention in relation to war veterans, but it can result from a variety of traumatic incidents, such as mugging, rape, torture, being kidnapped or held captive, child abuse, car accidents, train wrecks, plane crashes, bombings, or natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes.
Here are the primary symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder:
- The person is easily startled
- The person experiences emotional numbness (especially in relation to people with whom they used to be close)
- They have a loss of interest in activities they used to enjoy
- They have trouble feeling or acting affectionate
- They experience irritability
- They may become aggressive or even become violent
- They avoid situations which may remind the survivor of the original incident
Most people with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder repeatedly relive the trauma in their thoughts during the day and in nightmares when they sleep. Called flashbacks, they may consist of images, sounds, smells, or feelings, and are often triggered by ordinary occurrences, such as a door slamming or a car backfiring on the street. A person having a flashback may lose touch with reality and believe that the traumatic incident is happening all over again.
These symptoms are worse if the event that triggered them was deliberately initiated by another person, as in a mugging or kidnapping.
Not every traumatized person develops full-blown or even minor PTSD. Symptoms usually begin within 3 months of the incident but occasionally emerge years afterward. They must last more than a month to be considered Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. The course of the illness varies. Some people recover within 6 months, while others have symptoms that last much longer. In some people, the condition becomes chronic.