JB: Humble request? Please advise the Jury why tomorrow will be a short day so that they don't think it is the Defense.
JA: Also, something needs to be said about witness Rodriguez not coming back.
Witness returned to the stand.
Jury coming back (1:33)
(ICA has her sweater tied around her in a very strange way!)
HHJBP: To Jury - short day tomorrow due to his 1:00 p.m. meeting with the State budget committee.
DIRECT EXAMINATION OF MR. EIKELENBOOM BY JB - continued
What is touch DNA? It is transferred through the hands. Factors which will increase or decrease - pressure of touch. He has a Power point demonstration. ID - CI - for demonstrative purposes only.
Skin cells - epithelial cells - top layer doesn't contain nucleus which is necessary to get DNA. Below that, there are cells containing nucleus which contains the DNA necessary for a profile.
In order to get DNA from a skin cell through touch, there has to be a more forceful touch.
With blood, saliva and semen there are presumptive tests.
There is no presumptive DNA test for epithelial cells. You try to find sweat and then there may also be skin cells. An alternative way - using a working hypothesis - you look for locations where force is applied.
Blood, saliva and semen - in more than 95% of cases, you will get a profile. With skin cells - 50% would be a high score.
The type of contact of force is important in obtaining a profile.
You develop a working hypothesis by looking at the crime.
There are 3 types of contact - wearing, forceful grip and touching.
Wearing of clothing is a prolonged time of contact, not forceful.
Forceful contact - strangulate or grabbing someone will give a layer of skin that would contain DNA.
Slide touch is the worst category to get a DNA profile.
Some people shed more DNA - good and bad shedder.
Sticky material will also help to collect DNA.
Duct tape - when a person cuts a piece of duct tape, they would have to grip both the sticky and non-sticky side. What type of pressure -
OBJECTION BY JA - Sustained
He has collected DNA from duct tape before. If they have a working hypothesis of where the DNA is cut, they can take a sample and obtain a DNA profile.
Sticky side, together with the force, is the best side to get a DNA sample.
If the sticky side is applied to someone's face?
OBJECTION - improper hypothetical - OVERRULED
If you cover the mouth, then there would be skin around the mouth. If you cover the lips, there would be epithelial cells there. Also buchal cells.
Tape on the face would very likely result in a DNA profile.
OBJECTION BY JA
If you had duct tape placed over someone's face and mouth and that person was placed in an outdoor area, would you still expect to find DNA on the tape.
At the start, you would expect to find a lot of DNA. However, with the elements it could break down.
They investigate DNA on different chromosomes. They amplify DNA - making millions of copies. They amplify the fragments - normally between the 28 to 35. Theoretically one cell is enough. Under standard conditions 50 to 100 is enough.
Were you made aware that there were 2 partial profiles on the duct tape (Q-63) - one on the sticky side and one on the non-sticky side? If the non-sticky side was contaminated, could the contamination override the DNA that was already there? If there are large amounts, they might not be able to see the peaks or alleles.
Regarding the contamination, 150 was not very high.
Could their be lower DNA masked by that? It is never ruled out. What you see is a disbalance in some of the peaks which means DNA from another person could be present. He would have investigate....
OBJECTION BY JA - SUSTAINED
Regarding the sticky side, there was a 17 allele found at the D3 marker. A 17 allele could be described as a marker location on the chromosome. The alleles are where people differ.
(Witness has a nice Power Point presentation so JB doesn't have to draw on his tablet)
Slide shows different peaks from a computer analysis which shows an X at the amelogenin or sex typing chromosome.
He has extracted DNA from maggots or flies. That is done by examining the maggots' digestive system.
Effect of chloroform on DNA? One method of extracting DNA is with chloroform. It would not effect the ability to extract DNA.
No further questions by JB.