Correct me if I'm wrong, but I believe that only the tribe and the federal government has jurisdiction over crimes committed on reservation. I don't believe the state has any jurisdiction. And it's well known that the feds don't prosecute much on reservations.
Yes. That's right. (Mostly.)
It's called a
"government-to-government relationship." Tribal lands are not federal. Federal government has no jurisdiction. The state has no jurisdiction. That's why there can be casinos where gambling is illegal by state and federal code.
What there IS, is
agreements. Treaties : )
Every "Federally-Recognized Tribe" is a separate unique individual culture, each with its own assets and resources. Every tribal operation is different. Some tribal systems are far more advanced and sophisticated than others. Some have none at all. Depends on where it is.
ALL of them have a management plan and agreements of one kind or another with authorities and law enforcement.
The authority of the Tribe is unequivocal. However, each
individual tribal member is subject to the law of the land, as United States citizens.
The important part: individuals are not sovereign - a tribe is. A politico-geographical organization.
So. "The Tribe" decides how it will maintain order and justice. Through agreements with local, state, federal authorities.
In Washington state, state and federal law enforcement cannot set foot on reservation land, cannot remove an individual, cannot enforce a warrant. What they DO do, is collaborate with tribal law enforcement. Everybody knows their role and how it's going to play out, ahead of time.
Adjudication - law of the land. Tribal members are in no way exempt from local, state and federal law, and prosecution for violations.
A rough over-simplified primer. There's always exceptions.