Long-term effects of coronavirus mean returning home from ICU is not the end of it
Long-term effects of coronavirus mean returning home from ICU is not the end of it
By national medical reporter Sophie Scott and the specialist reporting team's Lucy Kent
4 hrs ago
...
The illness can cause high levels of inflammation in the body, with the immune system going into overdrive to get rid of it — and the impact that has on the body's vital organs can be devastating.
"We're just now getting to large numbers of people recovering and getting back to life and we're starting to see these long haul survivors, as they self-describe, who are still suffering for months with symptoms ongoing," Canadian neurologist Dr Rick Swartz said.
In the United Kingdom, the National Health Service has plans to establish long term rehabilitation clinics for patients dealing with the after-effects of COVID19.
Lungs:
Lungs can be damaged when the virus enters the cells of the airways, which can cause clots in the small blood vessels.
The damaged cells turn into scar tissue leaving people breathless.
Most commonly, COVID-19 can cause lung complications such as pneumonia and in severe cases, a condition called acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Experts from John Hopkins University said even after the disease has passed, lung injury may result in breathing difficulties that take months to improve.
Heart:
Cells in the heart, as well as the lung, are covered with a protein called ACE-2. This is the doorway COVID-19 uses to enter cells and grow.
As a result, the heart can be damaged in a number of ways.
The virus can cause inflammation of the heart muscle or heart failure when the organ doesn't pump blood as well as it should.
Cardiologist Dr Sean Lal said almost a third of all deaths in intensive care were due to heart failure.
"We saw that people with COVID-19 infection tended to get more arrhythmias, meaning the heart rhythm and the heart rate would be abnormal and they could get very fast heart rhythms that could cause them to actually collapse," he said.
Experts at John Hopkins University said the heart can also fail from lack of oxygen.
As the virus impacts the lungs, less oxygen gets to the bloodstream, making it harder for the heart to pump blood through the body.
In patients with COVID-19, the heart can fail from overwork, with a lack of oxygen causing tissue death in the heart and other organs.
Brain:
If the virus enters the brain, it can cause a sudden and severe infection.
That can lead to anything from confusion and loss of smell, to life threatening strokes.
Brain function can also be reduced if people have low oxygen levels or organ failure from the virus.