I've posted before that stomach contents are not a reliable source of information regarding time of death, but I supposed this needs a proper citation, so here it is:
"The
inspection of the contents of the stomach must be part of every postmortem examination if possible because it may provide qualitative information concerning the nature of the last meal and the presence of abnormal constituents. Using it as a guide to the time of death, however, is
theoretically unsound and presents many practical difficulties, although it may have limited applicability in some exceptional instances. Generally,
using stomach contents as a guide to time of death involves an unacceptable degree of imprecision and is thus liable to mislead the investigator and the court. Characteristic cell types from food plants can be used to identify a victim's last meal; knowledge about which can be useful in determining the victim's whereabouts or actions prior to death "
Forensic toxicology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Original Paper:
Journal of Forensic Sciences (1997)
Volume: 42, Issue: 3, Publisher: ASTM AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND, Pages: 364-367
ISSN: 00221198
Abstract and Addition Info:
http://www.mendeley.com/research/forensic-botany-an-underutilized-resource/
Therefore, we cannot conclude that the time of death was at 9:30.
Stomach contents are a viable way of determining TOD when ENOUGH VARIABLES are known which in this particular case there are sufficient variables known to provide an accurate TOD. Add to that a videotaped autopsy for all to see.
From the testimony
"[Amy Frost has a pretty specific recollection, 5:30-6:00, p. 37]:
"As far November 1 was concerned, she remembered that Meredith had arrived
about half past four and that they had started eating the pizza they had prepared at
around half past five or six."
[Robyn Butterworth's chronology supports earlier pizza consumption, later consumption of the apple crumble, p. 34]
"The last time she had seen Meredith had been November 1 at her house in Via
Bontempi, where there were also Amy Frost and Sophie Purton. Meredith had
arrived at about 4 pm; they had prepared a pizza and had eaten; then they had
looked at the Halloween photos on the computer before starting to watch a film;
around the middle of the film they had prepared an apple crumble, a sort of apple
cake, which they had eaten with ice cream. ..."
Amy Frost, Sophie Purton and Robyn Butterworth have testified that the start of the meal (pizza) started at 5:30 - 6:00, 6:00, 6:00 - 6:30. For the purposes of TOD using stomach contents it is calculated based when the meal starts not ends. The meal consisted of 2 separate courses one being the pizza the other being the apple crumble. It does not matter how many parts there are to a meal nor does it matter when the meal ended for the purposes of determining the TOD it is when the meal starts. Yes I have seen many try to stretch this based on when the meal ended. Thankfully science does not work that way.
There was no abnormal pathology and MK was healthy. This autopsy was videotaped and the duodenum was tied off properly to prevent slippage of the stomach contents into the duodenum. The duodenum was empty at the time of the autopsy.
For those of you that try to Google and it states that it can take between 2 - 7 hours or whatever time you happen to hit upon sorry does not work in this case for 2 reasons. There is no abnormal pathology and normally they are giving the time that it would take for the stomach contents to traverse the gastro system not just into the duodenum.
For those that want to bring up the possibility of the mushroom again it has no bearing on the TOD as it begins from the time the FIRST mouthful is eaten. It truly does not matter whether it was a piece of apple or a mushroom.
Also for those that want to state that there could of been food eaten at an earlier time the stomach contents are consistent with the pizza and apple crumble and measured 500ML.
All of the experts agreed with respect to the fact that stomach would of started emptying into the duodenum between 2 -4 hours. With 3 hours being the average time even by Dr. Lalli the prosecution expert. By 10:00 as stated by one the stomach contents would of started to pass into the duodenum thus the TOD would of had to of been, based on all the variables known, between 9:00 and 9:30