(variously snipped for relevance):
Id like to touch on something that was discussed earlier in this thread when I didnt have the time to respond. Above are several posts from when it was discussed. So much has been written about livor mortis, and many articles have been linked with plenty of information. I wont bother linking more because I dont think more information is needed as much as understanding exactly what it means in relation to this case. Its that understanding and relating it to this case that is difficult because of things Ill try to point out.
Many of the articles we read will give different time frames for the different stages of lividity. Thats because there are so many variables that can affect its progression and its appearance, and it must also be understood that the entire process is something that occurs gradually over a period of time. Also, it has to first be noted that we are speaking about something that is based on the visible appearance of a victim. IOW, it is not something easily measured or quantified. It is this visible appearance that is the reason most sources will state that livor mortis begins at around 20 to 30 minutes after death (and even death itself can be said to be not so much an event as much as a process). Of course the chemical changes and microscopic process which causes livor mortis begins after (or in some cases just prior to) death. But until the process has advanced to the point of being noticeable on a victim, it would not be correct to say that it exists because it is the visible appearance of the victims body that the term livor mortis refers to. This was pointed out by questfortrue in one of her posts above.
The word livor comes from Latin referring to a color (usually bluish-grey, with purple sometimes included). Ever use the word livid to describe being extremely mad? The word has become synonymous with being mad because of that purplish-red color that might show up in a persons face under stress.
What does show up before livor mortis is pallor mortis. This isnt talked about much because it occurs in the first half-hour or so before livor mortis can be seen, and its unusual for a murder victim to be found and examined by an investigator that quickly after death. Also, since the state of pallor mortis is a subjective determination, accuracy in estimating time of death is impossible using it.
Knowing the basics about how livor mortis occurs and how it is affected by objects pressing on the skin surface or the surface on which the body is lying is how an experienced investigator might be able to determine whether or not a body has been moved. But like so many other things, it has its limitations.
As amateurs, we all think of the obvious from pictures weve probably seen showing examples of bodies that have been found by LE that had been turned over before discovery with the fixed livor mortis on the upper portions of the body. (I wont post examples of this -- if anyone can stand the shock of looking at such things, Im sure they already have or can easily find what Im talking about.) Various examples show a white area where the victim may have been lying on an arm or hand, their clothing, an object, etc. But what if, after dying, the body had been turned over before its lividity was fixed? Investigators would have no indications on the body that it had been turned over within that period of time. And how about if it was partially fixed and then turned over? There might be two patterns of lividity in such a case.
How about a situation where a body is picked up in one location and placed in the exact same position somewhere else? If both surfaces were the same with nothing else underneath, would not the lividity pattern be the same? Unless the person disturbed something like the dirt or debris with their hands while sliding them under the body to lift it, there would be nothing apparent to show that the body had been moved.
And what if a body were lying on something (say, a blanket) that could be used to slide the body from one location to another? Would there be any clues that this had happened? Maybe there would be signs on the surface of the ground or in the dirt, dust or debris on the floor that would tell investigators that the body had obviously been moved. If they examined the body where it was located, they could look and document (with photos) exactly what was underneath the body in order to match it with the patterns on the underside of the victim. Any fold in the blanket, any high spot in the floor or in the dirt underneath should show up as a blanched area in the lividity of the body.
This Im sure is nothing new to anyone who has given it any thought. But apply this to the situation with the discovery of JonBenets body. Did the ME examine the body in situ and compare the lividity patterns with the surface on which it lied? Did he compare the blanched lines in her back to the folds in the blanket to see if anything didnt match? Did he have photos taken of the body being lifted from where it was found so investigators could later compare it with the lividity pattern? Hell, did he even bother going to the basement to look at the location where the body was reported to have been found after having missed the chance to see it where it was discovered? The answer, of course, to all these questions is NO. Investigators allowed people to wander around the house unsupervised, asked two possible suspects to search the crime scene, and even moved the body from one room to another before the ME had been called. One person (a possible suspect at that time) was even allowed to go back to the basement after discovery of the body to look for himself and handle crucial evidence. Later, (as CorallaroC pointed out) did the CSIs carefully examine the surface of the basement floor to see if the blanket or the body might have been moved? Would they have even had the experience or training to know exactly what to be looking for? Would they have known how important it was to knowing whether or not someone at the house that morning might have moved the body? Like so many other things associated with this case, these things are all failures by investigators to determine something that might have helped understand exactly what happened -- and might have answered the question posed in title of this thread.
Because of these things that were not done, no one in authority can say (or has said) with certainty that JonBenets body was moved -- or that it was not moved. We can all state our opinions and explain our reasoning. But without the information that should have been gathered, we simply dont know and cant say that the body was or was not moved. There are no established facts here.