Very interesting. Thank you. This info still leaves me very surprised that a RO that would involve separating a young child from her mother would not be evaluated in another way than what you described.
Thanks for your post.
I was involved (in a very minor role) in the effort to get the laws about restraining orders changed in my state.
At the time (early 1980s) the issue of domestic violence had just started getting serious, widespread public attention. The concern was how to balance giving the victims of domestic violence as much legal protection as quickly as possible versus the rights of the accused perpetrator.
The assumption was made in writing the law that the petitioner had left their own home with nothing but what they were wearing at the time and had no access to what they had left behind. So they wouldn't have copies of medical reports, police reports, journal entries, etc, in asking for a restraining order.
The balance that was eventually decided on was to make getting a temporary restraining order as easy as possible. The petitioner didn't have to present any supporting documentation or witnesses, all they had to do was describe the reason(s) they were asking for a restraining order. This meant that getting a temporary restraining order could be done in less than an hour (depending on finding a judge).
To protect the rights of the respondent, it was decided that they needed the right to challenge the temporary restraining order and to be able to do so as quickly as possible. In my state, if the respondent challenges the temporary restraining order, there has to be a show-cause hearing within five business days (weekends and state holidays excepted).
At that show-cause hearing, the petitioner must produce documentation, witnesses and/or other evidence to support their allegations. The respondent can challenge that evidence, cross examine witnesses, etc.
Because the show-cause hearing occurs so quickly, the respondent has the option to watch the petitioner's case and then ask for an extension for more time (up to two weeks) in order to organise their own defence.
Until the show-cause hearing is decided, the temporary restraining order remains in effect.
It's not a perfect system but it was the best compromise the legislature of this state could come up with to provide victims of violence with legal protection without unduly violating the rights of the accused.
If the respondent chooses not to challenge, then a judge never really evaluates the petition beyond checking to make sure that the allegations fall within certain parameters and that the remedies being asked for also fall within the law.
If the respondent does challenge, then the judge sees the evidence, the defence and then, finally, actually makes a judgment about whether they think the allegations are legitimate or not.