If compulsive











use is not a hypersexual disorder, could it be considered an addiction akin to drug or alcohol addiction? That's what Valerie Voon, MD, PhD, a neuropsychiatrist at the University of Cambridge, is exploring. By scanning the brains of compulsive




users with MRI while they view erotic images, she's testing whether they show brain activity patterns similar to substance abusers viewing beer bottles or drug paraphernalia.
So far, the brains of compulsive




users resemble the brains of alcoholics watching ads for a drink, reports Voon in a 2013 British documentary called "




on the Brain."
Despite her early findings, Voon says it's probably too early to put compulsive




users in a box with people who suffer from drug or alcohol problems. "We need more studies to clearly state that it's an addiction," she says.
Other research has turned up contrary results. Nicole Prause, PhD, a researcher in the department of psychiatry at the University of California, Los Angeles, and colleagues recently studied brain responses in people who have trouble regulating their




consumption.
Prause used EEG to measure a brain response known as P300, which is a component of the brain's electrical activity that occurs about 300 milliseconds after viewing a stimulus. This activity increases when people are emotionally engaged with that stimulus. When people with drug addictions view drug-related images, for instance, they show a clear bump in the P300 value.
Prause used three separate scales to identify people with hypersexual problems. Then she showed them a variety of images, including sexual ones. She predicted she'd see a dose response: Those people who reported having greater difficulty controlling their




use would experience a greater spike in the P300 value. "Frankly, I thought this would be a slam-dunk easy finding," she says.
Surprisingly, that was not the case. People who reported greater problems controlling




use had no clear change in the P300 value related to their level of sexual problems, whether they viewed




or neutral images such as food or people skiing (Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology, 2013). "Our findings don't make them look at all like addicts," she says.
Meanwhile, a 2013 study by researchers at the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom suggests that a penchant for




may be more compulsion than addiction. In a study of




use among 226 men, the researchers found that certain traits neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness and obsessional checking behaviors were correlated with high











use (Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 2013). Men who have trouble resisting the lure of




websites might simply have dispositions that make them more vulnerable to compulsive problems in general, the researchers concluded.