http://www.ajc.com/wednesday/content/news/stories/2008/01/12/tbpublicity_0113_1.html
Months before the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention made Atlanta lawyer Andrew Speaker the unwitting poster boy for drug-resistant tuberculosis, the agency and its advisers discussed a strategy to get more funding by publicizing the deadly strain of the disease, records show.
Frustrated that money for combating TB had dwindled as Congress favored newer threats from bioterrorism and bird flu, advisers suggested taking "drastic actions," according to December 2006 meeting minutes from the federal Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis. The council is based at the CDC in Atlanta.
One strategy centered on publicizing the urgency of combating XDR TB a rare, new form of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. "The implications of XDR TB for TB control in the United States should be compiled and communicated as a strong advocacy tool to increase the TB investment," the minutes state.
Five months later, CDC's lab diagnosed Speaker as having XDR TB, and the agency issued
a federal isolation order its first in more than 40 years and held a national press conference about how he possibly spread the disease aboard international flights.
The actions were in stark contrast to the private way the agency dealt with
100 other TB cases involving airline travelers, both before Speaker and after, including an incident last month when a severely ill drug-resistant TB patient flew from India to Chicago.
"It's unheard of to have that level of public notice," said Dr. Michael Iseman, a national TB expert and professor of medicine at the University of Colorado, where he has been one of Speaker's doctors. "I don't think it was constructive."
The handling of the Speaker case was so unusual that it has raised questions among other TB experts, including whether CDC publicized Speaker's case in a quest for more money.
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Despite the public perception of Speaker as a modern-day Typhoid Mary, tests at a Denver hospital later showed
he didn't have the XDR TB that CDC cited in its press conference, but a more treatable form of drug-resistant TB. Nobody appears to have caught TB from Speaker, tests of more than 250 airline passengers show.
Tuberculosis experts say the Speaker case because of its high profile gave TB its biggest publicity boost in decades and helped secure rare funding increases for combating the disease.
"It was almost as if some prophecy was being fulfilled," Dr. Michael Fleenor, chairman of the federal TB advisory council, which five months earlier had sent a blunt letter to Secretary of Health and Human Services Michael Leavitt warning that "our nation is facing an imminent airborne biological threat" from XDR TB.
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TB advocates and the CDC agree that Speaker gave funding legislation the traction it previously lacked. The Speaker case was "fortuitous," said Fleenor.
Dr. Alan Bloch, an expert in the airborne transmission of TB and measles, said he's wondered since last summer:
"Was there a hidden agenda to use Andrew Speaker's case to get more money for TB control?"
Bloch, who spent 25 years at CDC before he retired in 2005, said the agency's response to Speaker seemed overblown, given that test results known to health officials and Speaker's lack of symptoms made him unlikely to spread the disease.
Bloch conducted the first national survey of drug-resistant TB and designed the expanded TB surveillance system that CDC used to identify the 49 XDR TB cases in the U.S. from 1993-2006.
Watching Gerberding's televised press conference in May, when she announced the CDC had issued the first federal isolation order since a 1963 case of suspected smallpox, Bloch said he assumed "this patient must be extremely contagious.''
"I had visions of a non-compliant patient who was the tuberculosis equivalent of Typhoid Mary, who was highly infectious. When I found out this patient did not meet other criteria for being a very infectious case, I was puzzled."
The CDC has refused for nearly seven months to release documents under the Freedom of Information Act about any role the agency's XDR TB funding strategy played in its handling of the Speaker case.
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The other patient
While no press conference has been held in the latest case of an airline passenger traveling with MDR TB, CDC officials say that's because they had an easier time getting the list of other passengers on the Chicago-bound plane with the woman than it had in the Speaker case.
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The woman, who was coughing on the flight, was so ill with TB she went to an emergency room a few days after arriving home in California.
In contrast, Speaker never coughed or had any TB symptoms; the disease was only diagnosed because it showed up on a chest X-ray after he suffered an unrelated injury. Still, all of the passengers on his two trans-Atlantic flights were advised to seek tests.
MUCH MUCH MORE AT LINK
Edited b/c I accidentally posted before I was done snipping the article for length.