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Is the witness one of the defendants?
Not legally possible unless one of the 4 defendants actually turns State 's evidence, accepts a plea deal, and then testifies against the other defendants. In plain English: becomes a rat and testifies for the Prosecution.
A few reasons someone might be excused from testifying:
- The testimony includes self incriminating evidence: The constitution gives you the right to avoid giving self-incriminating evidence under the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution. A witness can, at any time, refuse to answer a question by claiming protection under the Fifth Amendment.
- The person testifying is the defendant in a criminal case: This is an extension of the protection under the Fifth Amendment. Criminal defendants can never be forced to testify.
- The witness is married to someone involved in the case: Communication between two spouses is considered privileged by courts. This means that in most cases, you can't be forced to testify against your spouse in court.
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