It is my understanding that the laws in the U.K. for criminal trials are pretty much the same as they are in Canada. If you have information to show otherwise, specific to disclosure, I'd really appreciate a link to it. TIA
The Crown was fully prepared with copies of this witness's statements to LE from 2009 and at the ready for cross examination. Hard to understand how this was accomplished had he not had the information prior to her appearance.
MOO
Actually, the information on disclosure is accurate, but is missing one small but significant detail.
The defense has to disclose to the Crown all "expert" witnesses who will testify, but isn't required to disclose all the other witnesses.......BUT...........the Crown has the right to have time to perform due diligence on the witness.
Example........
The defense calls.......Joe Smith to the stand.
Crown.........we will require time to perform due diligence, Your Honour.
Judge..........how much time is required?
Crown.........We estimate 2 weeks.
Judge..........Granted.........court is adjourned until...........
As the example shows.........it would be most impractical for the defense to try to enter a "surprise" witness to catch the Crown unaware.
Another interesting tidbit.........all Crown witnesses are subjected to a criminal records check which is part of the disclosure to the Crown.
I would assume they would perform one on all of the defense witnesses as well.
The criminal records checks can be used to test the credibility of witnesses.
JMO...........