Apart from the judge's final charge to the jury,
numerous other issues that frequently arise in the interactions between the judge and the jury during deliberations are the subject of appeal proceedings and give rise to orders for a new trial.
Among those issues are the conditions or the procedure to follow for:
- responding to requests to rehear the testimony of a witness or a statement: Should such requests be met? Can the jury ask to rehear all the testimony? Can a part of the testimony of one witness or one statement be reheard or must it be reheard in its entirety? If yes, must the judge remind the jury that it must consider the remainder of the evidence? Should the rehearing take place in the courtroom or in the jury room?53
- investigating allegations of misconduct or partiality within the jury during the trial or deliberations: Should the juror concerned be questioned? If yes, in the presence of the other jurors or not? In private or in open court? In the presence of the parties or not? Can the parties question the juror directly? Should the judge give them the opportunity to make submissions? Distinction between matters that are intrinsic to jury deliberations, and therefore governed by deliberation secrecy (s. 649 cr.c.), and those that extrinsic to the deliberations?54
- allowing rehearing of arguments, giving a transcript of the arguments to the jury or asking counsel to produce a written summary of their respective theories for handing to the jury: Should such requests be met?55 if yes, can the arguments of only one of the parties requested by the jury be provided or must the arguments of both parties be provided?56
- giving a transcript or written copy of the instructions to the jury: Is the judge required to provide a transcript of the judge's jury instructions on the request of the jury?57 can the request be specific or can it be general?58
- giving the text of the offences to the jury: What precautions should the jury take when part of the provision has already been declared unconstitutional?59
- answering the questions of the jury: The steps to be followed by the judge and the distinction between a substantive question, which must be answered in open court in the presence of the accused, and an administrative question, which can be settled directly between the judge and the jurors.60 can questions be addressed to witnesses, and, if so, how (can the judge invite jurors to address questions to witnesses? Can the jurors ask questions during the examination of a party or only when the party has completed the examination? Should the questions be submitted to the judge beforehand? Should the debate on the admissibility of a question be carried on in the absence of the jury?61
Since
grounds for appeal relating to jury instructions are often accompanied or completed by grounds relating to the above issues, it could be advisable to address them in the same manner as instructions. Once these relatively confined issues would be identified, the steering committee considered whether they should be addressed by further technical additions to the criminal procedure or if they should rather be the subject of judicial guidelines from the canadian judicial council.
http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/esc-cde/scje-cdej/p7.html