Witness Stmt. Direct Evd. or Circumstantial Evd.?
Eye witness accounts are direct evidence, MOO not as good as circumstantial (indirect, i.e. DNA) evidence but still important.
@Boxer Yes, sometimes circumstantial evd is better than direct evd in a case. Maybe often.
Whether a particular witness stmt/testimony re a crime is direct evidence or circumstantial evidence depends on what the witness saw and the subject matter. A somewhat oversimplified ex:
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"If a witness testifies that he saw a defendant fire a bullet into the body of a person who then died, this is direct testimony of material facts in murder, and the only question is whether the witness is telling the truth.
"If, however, the witness is able to testify only that he heard the shot and that he arrived on the scene seconds later to see the accused standing over the corpse with a smoking pistol in his hand, the evidence is circumstantial; the accused may have been shooting at the escaping killer or merely have been a bystander who picked up the weapon after the killer had dropped it."
Circumstantial evidence, in law, evidence not drawn from direct observation of a fact in issue. If a witness testifies that he saw a defendant fire a bullet into the body of a person who then died, this is direct testimony of material facts in murder, and the only question is whether the witness is
www.britannica.com
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¶ 1. If Wit. sees def't shoot bullet into body, Wit. can testify to an ELEMENT of the crime: the shooting, and Med Examiner testifies that the bullet wound caused the death. So this Wit.'s TESTIMONY in this hypo is DIRECT evd.
¶2. If Wit. hears gunshot, arrives seconds later to see body on floor, Wit. cannot testify as to who fired gun. Proving who fired gun is an essential ELEMENT or FACT for conviction.
He is a WITNESS, may testify at trial, but his testimony is CIRCUMSTANTIAL evd.
From a common sense POV, this circumstantial and direct evd. distinction may seem hyper-technical, so why does it matter? Historically some states’ laws required some direct evidence, not just circumstantial evd. for a criminal conviction.
But even today, def. atty's try to denigrate prosecutor's cases by saying to the jury, The state has provided only/largely circumstantial evidence.
Welcoming clarification or correction, esp'ly from our legal pro's.
imo