How does the GPS (geotracking, phone, vehicle, games, watches, etc) work? I will give example of how I *think* it works and you tell me what I got wrong please.
1010 home improvement store
1130 doctors appointment
100 lunch
150 neighbors house
155 home
Do they have the times (which would mean time spent at each location) or JUST that I visited each of those places that day? If the latter, is it at least in correct order?
I'm confused. You don't seem to be asking how GPS works, but rather, what timeline you think is involved.
Are you asking what could be known about you, today? Well, then, if you have a GPS enabled device (such as a smart phone or smart watch), it constantly receives information from a satellite and stores it. It then transmits that data to the Cloud whenever you have cell service OR whenever you connect back to a wifi network.
It doesn't just track you when you stop, it tracks you continuously. You can put your phone on airplane mode and drive somewhere using Google maps and you can watch the little blue dot of your progress on the map - because of GPS. GPS is completely independent of cellular service, but does not transmit your location back to the satellite - it transmits your whereabouts to the Cloud and many a lost person has been located using it - and many a criminal has been boxed in (as in this case).
Anyone with access to your Cloud account (usually via warrant in criminal cases) would know your entire activities, not just where you stopped. The time would be included. My phone actually shows where I am in a large store, sometimes with slight inaccuracies. Right now, my devices are properly displayed as located (three are very near me, the others are elsewhere in the house - and I can see that on Google maps or any other app that uses GPS).
In the case of many devices, other data is also transmitted to the Cloud (altitude for example). There is no way to disable GPS on Apple products that I know of (and I don't think it's easy on Android either).
Apple watches store all your whereabouts for 30 days. Once it's in the Cloud, it's there and there's no easy way of getting it out of the Cloud - you can petition Google about its separate data, but anyone using Google apps on a GPS enabled device has their information tracked in that separate Google Cloud.
I have no idea how long any of those services keep Cloud data and I am not sure how Find My iPhone works when a phone is completely off - that would be a simple test of the GPS ability of your device. There's definitely misinformation on these topics out on the Web, so if anyone has expertise in this area, it would be lovely if you'd chime in.
I'm pretty sure that if you turn a device off completely, it no longer stores your GPS data for that time period. It would show where you turned the phone off, though. And where you were when you turned it back on.