would you consider circumstantial evidence to be irrefutable evidence?
I see a distinction between
irrefutable evidence and
an irrefutable case.
Sometimes, an irrefutable case can be made from individual pieces of evidence, none of which, in its own right, would be enough to convict.
I think the conviction of Peter Voisey for the abduction, from a bath, of a little girl illustrates the point.
His mobile phone placed him in the vicinity of the crime at the time the crime was convicted, no doubt with hundreds of others.
There was a very weak dna link but, of course, dna might have definitively ruled him out. And the possibility of a chance match to someone innocent from a small population of people in the vicinity of the crime at the time the crime was committed, would be very small.
Police took a footprint from the wet bathroom floor that exactly matched the tread of a pair of shoes he owned.
Lastly, the evidence of the little girl who, thank goodness, survived her ordeal, was never revealed but she was, apparently, an excellent witness.
For example, she might have been able to describe details of the interior of his car that matched.
None of those pieces of information, in its own, would have been enough to convict.
But everything combined made for a compelling case.