In response to this policy language:
Each United Carrier reserves the right to change or modify any of its conditions of contract with or without notice to ticketed passengers.
These are often included in consumer contracts and are almost NEVER upheld by a court when its a business versus consumer situation. There are so many doctrines, common law principles, and UCC provisions that apply here it's difficult to get into it too much.
First is unconscionability. This is from the Restatement (second) of Contracts and is virtually identical to UCC section 2-302 if you are in a UCC state.
There are two types:
Procedural Unconscionability - examples: inconspicuous print, complex legal language, disparity of sophistication, lack of time, imbalance in bargaining power, non-negotiable terms
Substantive Unconscionability - grossly one-sided terms, large disparity between parties rights under the contract
IMO both of these exist in this situation. A contract of adhesion (take it or leave it) can not just say one party has all the rights and the other party agrees by purchasing our product. I know they often DO say that, but legally, they CANNOT be enforced that way.
Not to mention all the other legal contract issues that arise by this clause...one side can not modify a contract without new consideration between the parties; there are notice requirements that cannot be contracted around; the pre-existing duty rule; and even more equitable remedies to prevent injustice.
I know contract language often states broad terms, but that's not how contract law works in reality. Companies try to (and do) bully the little man all the time, but legal remedies are available.
More information on contracts of adhesion and the doctrine of unconscionabily:
http://www.casebriefs.com/blog/law/...law/unconscionability-and-adhesion-contracts/
More on sales contract modification
https://www.law.cornell.edu/ucc/2/2-209 http://contracts.lawyers.com/contracts-basics/contract-modification.html
More on pre-existing duty rule
http://dictionary.findlaw.com/definition/preexisting-duty-rule.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-existing_duty_rule
TLDR: A judge will not uphold a contractual clause that allows one-sided changes or modifications to the contract just because they say they can in the contract and a consumer made a purchase.
And now I remember why I despised taking contract law classes for a year LOL.