I appreciate the posts about RAD. I didn't have the courage to bring it up, but my husband has RAD so I have experience with it. Yes, Reactive Attachment Disorder is a diagnosis, although a new term for it is Developmental Trauma Disorder (DTD). Although any doctor familiar with RAD can diagnose it based on symptoms, it can be seen as incomplete brain development, or holes, on an MRI scan.
Left: Normal 3 yr old. Right: 3 yr old with ADD
An neurological scan will show abnormal brain function.
Left: Healthy Right: Traumatized childhood (Romanian orphan)
The front (top in picture) part of the brain is where most of the normal thinking processes occur. The normal brain on the left is properly most active (Red areas) in the front part. The traumatized brain on the right has little (blue) to no (black) activity in much of the front area. The only significantly active area is the back part.
So this is very partial, simplified description of proper brain development...
An infant has a need. Infant cries. Infant's stress hormone (cortisol) levels rise. Caregiver takes care of need. Infant relaxes and cortisol levels return to normal. Repeat cycle. This continual rise and fall of cortisol levels prompts the brain to develop in the proper order. First the back, primitive part develops, which includes the Fight, Flight, or Freeze response. Next, the middle and then the front parts develop. These areas control personality, behavior, emotions (and control of them), empathy, conscience, reasoning, trust, and ability to form relationships, to name a few.
When the caregiver doesn't take care of the infant's need, the baby's cortisol level stays high. Without the needed cycle of rising and falling cortisol to trigger advancement through the development phases, the infant's brain gets stuck in the back part. The front part isn't damaged, but it doesn't develop. The child grows up having only the Fight, Flight, or Freeze method to deal with any stress, no matter how small. Mentally, their brain progresses from "I can't trust anyone to meet my needs. I'll have to take care of myself" to "I will (literally) die if I let anyone get close to me." Children with RAD become adults with personality disorders, alcoholism, substance abuse, and addictions to gambling and *advertiser censored*. *advertiser censored* in particular is a problem because the RAD adult finds in much too frightening to form a real relationship with anyone, and turns to a fantasy world that doesn't involve personal connections. This post is long enough, but I want to post again with thoughts about the obstacles involved with "trying" to get treatment for RAD.