Avoid freeze situations by practicing being aware of your surroundings at all times. Aim to acquire this almost 6th sense of knowing just when things don't look right. It is not at all stressfull, it is a learned behavior.
To acquire some of those precious skills this may help: Jason Hanson is an ex CIA officer he wrote a book "Spy secrets that can save your life", he also runs training classes in his ranch in Utah. There was a recent interview on NPR.
http://www.kera.org/2015/11/03/learning-from-the-cia/
naomi, you are a special gift! Thank you so much for posting this helpful interview. My favorite hat is tipped to you for sharing this valuable information. I pray many readers take the time to listen to the safety tips.
I suffer PTSD that comes with a constant status of hyper-vigilance. You've heard of the flight or fight response actions. Mine are freeze reactions. I naturally freeze when in a seemingly perilous situation. Therefore, I over-plan potential harmful circumstances. So in a way, my hyper-vigilance is a gift. The freeze response can be a curse.
I carry an 8" solid stainless steel hammer in my purse. There is a sharp ice pick in my car's console. The glove box stores my gun. I keep my key fob on my nightstand so I can push the alarm button, if necessary. Additionally, in the nightstand drawer, is another 8" stainless steel hammer and a sharp ice pick. A kitchen drawer also holds those same two items. The nightstand drawer also holds a .38 unless my grandchildren are here. Then, that weapon is placed on the high shelf in the closet which annoys me a bit because my grandchildren are my greatest treasures to protect but I do so because their parents insist upon it.
My hyper-vigilance also means that I am constantly scanning my surroundings and planning for the unexpected when out and about. These are tiresome behavior patterns. I live in a near constant state of exhaustion because I anticipate surviving the possible worst case scenarios. When I fly, I wear sneakers in case the plane goes down in an area where I may need to wear solid footwear. When I flew to Hawaii, my carry on held my scuba mask, wetsuit, and fins.
AFAIK, we have not been privy to Zoe's cause of death. Was she stabbed, shot, strangled? Could having any of the aforementioned tools with her have saved her life? I never exit my vehicle without one of the weapons with me. The spy's interview mentioned a sharp tactical pen for dual purposes of writing or stabbing. Stabbing someone with this self defense pen can stop muggings or attacks.
We can not turn back time to save Zoe; however, we can teach our children to become aware of their surroundings without inducing fear. Pull the muggers hair. Hard and quickly. Grab the perp near their knees to make them fall to the ground so you can flee.
Every day when I think of Zoe, I wonder why she did not attempt to exit the passenger's side door or scream or kick. Zoe may not have possessed the flight or fight reaction yet experienced the freeze reaction. Her story is just incredibly sad. Zoe had her entire life ahead and AC deserves the death penalty, imho. May her precious family and friends be blessed with sweet memories of this wonderful young lady.