An excerpt from the thesis on how simulations could be validated.
There are many possible ways of collecting data about the behaviour of people, such as through paper/digital activity diaries, by using technical equipment (e.g. video cameras or infrared sensors) or discreet shadowing of people (Teknomo et al., 2001; Kerridge et al., 2005, Tan, 2003, Arentze et al., 1997). Each method has its strong and weak points.
Collecting data about human activity behaviour using paper/digital questionnaires is rather obtrusive and puts a relative high demand on the participants; they have to record all their activities by themselves. There is a realistic chance that people forget to enter activities, albeit not deliberate (Ettema, 1996). The use of technical systems (e.g. video cameras) to record the movements of people is expensive (e.g. it requires a lot of
cameras to cover a whole floor). These systems also require a lot of post processing time (e.g. the data recorded using separate cameras have to be combined in order to track individuals across the whole floor). In addition, such systems, in particular video cameras, face strong issues of privacy. Furthermore, several sources in literature (Sundstrom, 1986; Martin and Bateson, 1993) suggest that the knowledge of being observed influences the behaviour of people (the so-called Hawthorne effect). The ideal
situation for collecting data about human movement would be when the participants do not know that they are being observed (Fatah et al., 2006). However, in reality this is hardly feasible, not only for operational reasons (i.e. how to track individuals across a space if they are not equipped with a certain traceable feature), but also because of privacy reasons.
A relative new technology called RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) could be the key for a non-obtrusive way of collecting data about human movement and activity behaviour. Using this system, participants only have to carry a small device (so-called RFID tag), for example in their wallet, and the RFID system automatically registers their movements using so-called RFID readers (i.e. small radio receivers). During the
observation period participants themselves do not have to perform any additional actions besides performing their normal behaviour ...