UK - Nurse Lucy Letby, Faces 22 Charges - 7 Murder/15 Attempted Murder of Babies #27

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OMG
Such descriptive prose of life!

Don't give up dear friend!
You are our "window" to the Court :D
Absolutely dedicated Websleuth.
Waiting for the rest of the report :)

PS
Relaxed attitude of the defendant?
Ummm...
 
Last edited:
1:59pm

The trial is now resuming, following its lunch break.

2:05pm

The trial judge says Letby, in police interview, she remembered Child N had an 'unusual air way issue', and was 'very difficult to intubate'.
She was asked about intensive care charts, and references to blood. She said if the NGT had been inserted forcefully, it could cause about 1ml of blood. She did recall Child N bleeding at the time of intubation, but was not sure why.
In her second interview, Letby said she would arrive prior to 7.30am for her day shift. She went to talk to Jennifer Jones-Key, her colleague, on this day. She referred to her colleague's note of Child N being pale and veiny overnight. His condition "deteriorated".
In cross-examination, it was put to Letby that observation charts showed nothing deteriorating for Child N.
Letby said she was stood at the doorway, and Child N's deterioration happened "within minutes", was "blueish and not breathing".
For the intubation, Letby recalled blood being seen, and her interpretation of the note was blood was seen once intubation had been attempted. In the family communication note, Letby wrote parents were contacted, phones were switched off, and message was left. In cross-examination, Letby agreed she had written out the 7.15am incident as she had taken care of Child N from 7.30am.
The first time she recalled seeing blood was after the second desaturation at 3pm for Child N.


 
2:12pm

The judge says there was a dispute over previously agreed evidence on who made a call to Child N's parents.
A further desaturation happened at 2.50pm, after the parents left the ward.
Dr Huw Mayberry was crash-called to Child N, who had desaturated. He could see vocal cords, but there was a "substantial swelling in the airway", and did not recall seeing any blood.
Dr Satyanarayana Saladi recalled seeing blood in the oropharynx and blood in the NG Tube.
Child N was later intubated successfully by the Alder Hey transport team.
Child N continued to have episodes of apnoea, but they were less serious, and recovered at Alder Hey.
Letby noted: 'approx. 14:50 infant became apnoeic, with desaturation to 44%, heart rate 90 bpm. Fresh blood noted from mouth and 3mls blood aspirated from NG tube. Neopuff commenced and Drs crash called...unable to obtain secure airway'.
She said after the 3ml aspiration of blood, she had some memory of events, and there was "a sense of panic" on the unit, and it was "chaotic". She said there was no factor 8 left, so some was brought over from Alder Hey. She said Child N was the "focus of the whole unit at that point". She said she was stressed and anxious as they couldn't get an airway.

 
2:18pm

Professor Sally Kinsey gave evidence on haemophilia, and the purpose of Factor 8. Child N had 'moderate' haemophilia, and would need Factor 8 when it was required, not on a regular basis. She did not see any issue with Child N's blood which caused the collapses.
She said a spontaneous bleed could not be explained by haemophilia, as a baby could not damage themselves in the throat, and any instrumentation could "potentially" cause bleeding. A pulmonary haemhorrhage was "not a viable" explanation.
The defence do not suggest it was spontaneous bleeding or pulmonary haemhorrhage - they point to when witnesses saw the bleeding.
Child N was the 29th case Dr Evans looked at. The event on June 3 was unusual, particularly the screaming and crying. He said something must have been done to him - and this was not an air embolus.
For June 15, Dr Evans said the bleed was a consequence of trauma.
Dr Bohin said the June 3 desaturation was 'life-threatening' and she had never experienced a baby crying for 30 minutes, or screaming. She said Child N had received a painful stimulus.
For June 15, she believed the bleed was a consequence of trauma.

 
2:12pm

Letby noted: 'approx. 14:50 infant became apnoeic, with desaturation to 44%, heart rate 90 bpm. Fresh blood noted from mouth and 3mls blood aspirated from NG tube. Neopuff commenced and Drs crash called...unable to obtain secure airway'.
She said after the 3ml aspiration of blood, she had some memory of events, and there was "a sense of panic" on the unit, and it was "chaotic". She said there was no factor 8 left, so some was brought over from Alder Hey. She said Child N was the "focus of the whole unit at that point". She said she was stressed and anxious as they couldn't get an airway.


Ah ok so it wasn't that they hadn't got any factor 8 in at all. It was that by 2.50pm it had ran out. LL had said in her message to Doc Choc at 11.29am that day that Baby N had been given Factor 8. Strange nobody noticed then that it was running out.

At 11.29am Letby sent a Facebook message to the doctor telling him “small amounts of blood from mouth and 1ml from ng. Looks like pulmonary bleed on x ray [i.e. a bleed from the lungs]. Given factor 8 – wait and see”. Other than that phone message, there is no evidence that Lucy Letby brought the bleeding to the attention of any of the medical staff.

 
2:24pm

The judge refers to the cases of Child O and Child P, two of three triplets born on June 21, 2016 at the Countess of Chester Hospital.
Child O died on June 23, and Child P died on June 24.
Child O weighed 2.02kg and was admitted to the neonatal unit. From about 5pm on June 21 and through June 22, there was 'nothing remarkable' about Child O's condition.
Letby was on holiday from June 16-22, during which time she had gone to Ibiza.
In text messages, Letby enquired with a male doctor about the triplets, and said she felt at home in ITU, and 'the girls' knew she was happy to be in room 1 of the neonatal unit.
Child O was moved from room 1 to room 2 during June 22, and had 'a good day' and was 'very stable', the court is told.
Overnight on June 22-23, Child O was recorded as having partially digested milk in aspirates, which was 'normal', and a 'stable night', with a full abdomen at 7.30am showing 'no concern'.

 
It looks like all Babies will be discussed today.
So,
on Monday only final instructions and......
a countdown to Justice.

At last!

JMO
 
Last edited:
2:30pm

Letby accepted that Child O was fine on June 22 and the night of June 22-23. She was the designated nurse for Child O and Child P on June 23, along with another baby, all in room 2.
In police interview, Letby said the babies were in the 'high dependency' room and the ratio should have been one nurse to two babies - Letby was the only designated nurse in room 2 for that day, plus supervision of student nurse Rebecca Morgan. In cross-examination, she accepted staffing levels or competencies contributed to the collapse of Child O, and that Child O was not a high dependency baby.
Nurse Melanie Taylor confirmed there were no issues for Child O at the beginning of the shift.
A doctor noted Child O's abdomen was 'full but not distended, soft, non tender', and he was 'making good progress' at 9.30am.
Melanie Taylor said Child O, prior to his collapse, asked Letby if he should be moved to room 1 as he looked unwell. Letby did not agree, and he should stay in 2. Melanie Taylor said she was 'put out' by this. Letby did not recall being dismissive.

 
2:38pm

Letby recorded feeds for Child O at 10am and noon.
A note by a male doctor at 1.15pm recorded a distended abdomen and a vomit after a feed, and ordered an x-ray.
Letby noted Child O, reviewed by the registrar 'had vomited (undigested milk) tachycardic and abdomen distended. NG tube placed on free drainage … 10ml/kg saline bolus given as prescribed along with antibiotics. Placed nil by mouth and abdominal x ray performed. Observations returned to normal'.
An entry on the blood gas record by Letby said Child O was on CPAP, when he was not. Letby said she meant CPAP via Neopuff. Dr Bohin said she could find no record of Child O being on CPAP for this time.
In interview, Letby recalled Child O's abdomen becoming distended and him being intubated. She did not recall who was present when he vomited.
Melanie Taylor said Child O collapsed at about 2.40pm. When she went to nursery 2, Letby was already there, and a doctor arrived after. Letby said she discovered the collapse after hearing his monitor alarming, and he had a 'blotchy, purpley-red rash' kind of 'mottling'. She said mottling could be a sign of infection or cold. Child O was moved to nursery 1.
The doctor's note of the event was a 'desaturation and bradycardia'. He was 'mottled' and skin looked 'unusual'. Child O was bagged and transferred to room 1. He was intubated at the first attempt and connected to a ventilator. The doctor went to speak to the parents.
Letby noted Child O was 'mottled++ with abdomen red...poor perfusion'. She said she did nothing to Child O to introduce air, and said two prescriptions on the neonatal schedule with her co-signature were for after the collapse.
The doctor noted a 'very very rare' purpuric rash, and 'good perfusion' and Child O appeared to stabilise. Letby said she did not see the type of discolouration the doctor did.

 
2:44pm

At 3.51pm, Child O desaturated again, to the 30s. 'Chest movement and air entry observed, minimal improvement.'
Doctors were crash-called and Child O was reintubated on the first attempt. He had another desaturation at 4.15pm, and resuscitation efforts were made. There was 'no effective heartbeat' and the abdomen was 'still distended', and the rash had disappeared, which 'perplexed' the doctor, who had not seen that kind of rash before or again.
Care was withdrawn and Child O died.
Dr brearey said it was "deeply distressing for all involved" as Child o's deterioration "came out of the blue" and they "excluded all natural causes". He later held a debrief at which he said Letby 'did not seem upset'.
Letby said she was "shocked and upset" at Child O's death, which was "unexpected", and there was an 'element of delay' when getting a registrar called to the room.
She remembered Dr Brearey inserting a drain into Child O's abdomen, which was swollen and red, and she had not seen that procedure before.
She said everyone was "completely flat" after Child O died. She said she wanted to save 'every baby in your care...you are not supposed to watch a baby die".

 
She said everyone was "completely flat" after Child O died. She said she wanted to save 'every baby in your care...you are not supposed to watch a baby die".

RSBM

"you are not supposed to watch a baby die".

And I wonder, if guilty, if that last line was what the thrill was for LL?

JMO, if guilty.
 
RSBM

"you are not supposed to watch a baby die".

And I wonder, if guilty, if that last line was what the thrill was for LL?

JMO, if guilty.
It seems to be the common theme among SKillers.
Watching and feeling powerful.

Oh, and very jealous of their victims:

- wanting to give a final bath
- "Can I take him now?" (to parents)
- words "Nobody will miss you like me" (a post in note)

Does it all ring a bell?

If guilty, of course

JMO
 
3:06pm

Child O's father described the stomach, swelling up, and 'looked like he had bad prickly heat - like you could see something oozing through his veins'. Letby said she had not seen anything like that.
A female doctor was quite upset and very apologetic at Child O's death, and could not explain it.
Dr Brearey told the court senior people at the hospital 'could not believe' someone was trying to harm babies. He said there had been a meeting and, when it was put to him about Letby's association with the events, he had said something along the lines of 'it can't be Lucy, not nice Lucy'.
He said senior clinicians 'were becoming increasingly concerned' about the deaths. It was his opinion, that there was not an increasing range of acuity of babies being treated, and was wary it was a 'chicken and egg' situation where, because of the unexplained incidents that were happening on the unit, the babies' care needs became more acute.
He said there was not a single case where shortage of staff or poor medical care caused the collapse of babies.
He said he had wanted to escalate the situation properly in the hospital, rather than by going to the police.
He said Letby rejected his suggestion to take time off after Child O's death.
The Countess of Chester Hospital was redesignated as a Level 1 unit, by its own decision, on July 7, 2016. The number of cot spaces was reduced from 16 to 12, and the gestational age limit was raised from 27 weeks to 32.
Dr George Kokai carried out a post-mortem examination. Dr Andreas Marnerides reviewed, and said injuries to the liver were the result of impact trauma. He said during treatment, small bruises could be caused to the surface of the liver, and would not be extensive. He says the liver is not in an area where CPR is applied. He has only seen this kind of injury to the liver before in children, not babies, from accidents involving bicycles. He did not think CPR could produce this extensive injury to the liver, and has never heard of this sort being accepted as such. He also found internal gastric distention, and concluded there had been an air embolus.
Prof Arthurs also referred to radiograph images, taken post-mortem. He said the gases were an 'unusual finding'.
Dr Evans said the air was "excessive" and could have been administered via the NGT, and the skin discolouration was symptomatic of that. He said the bleed in the liver would also have contributed to the collapse. He could not find any evidence where the air embolus came accidentally.
Dr Bohin said the cause was excessive air down the stomach via the NGT, causing an air embolus, and could not see any innocent cause for that. She refuted the accusation from the defence that she was striving to support the case against Letby by supporting Dr Evans.
The prosecution say the jury can exclude natural causes, and Letby caused deliberate harm to Child O. The defendant denies wrongdoing, and the defence say it was a natural deterioration, and the liver injury was caused during resuscitation.

 
3:26pm

The judge refers to the case of Child P, born "in very good health".
The triplets had been on CPAP and antiobiotics as a precaution.
At 10am on June 23, Dr Kataryna Cooke recorded no concerns.
Dr Gibbs recorded Child P had active bowel sounds, and a 'full...mildly distended' abdomen. He said Child P appeared very well, and should continue on NGT feeds, and if there were any concerns, for him to be fed intravenously. There was no suggestion of infection for Child P.
Sophie Ellis was the designated nurse for Child P on June 23-24. She had learned that Child O had died on June 23. Child P's observations were in the normal area, and Sophie Ellis recorded a desaturation which resolved, and a low lying heart rate.
For feeds, Child P was on two-hourly feeds up to 8pm on June 23, with trace aspirates. At 8pm, Sophie Ellis aspirated 14ml milk aspirates, with a pH of 3. She fed him a further 15ml milk feed, and placed him on his tummy.
At the midnight, a further 20ml acidic milk aspirate was taken. Feeds were stopped and Child P was put on 10% dextrose infusions.
She said if any of the aspirates were bilous, she would have noted it.
The last update on the night shift was 'abdomen soft and non-distended' for Child P.

 
3:34pm

Nurse Percival-Calderbank had said Letby found working there was 'boring' and she tended to move back to the other nurseries, and colleagues were concerned for her mental health, as those units could be distressing and exhausting.
Letby, in evidence, said she never found nursery work 'boring' and did not recall having a conversation with Kathryn Percival-Calderbank to say otherwise.
In interview, Letby said she wanted to be designated nurse for Child P that day to provide continuity of care.
Full blood tests were ordered for Child P. Dr Ukoh said Child P was to keep an eye on, as he had a distended abdomen. 20 minutes later, at about 9.50am, Child P desaturated. Rebecca Morgan said she recalled all the alarms going off, and she helped Dr Ukoh taking the top of the incubator off. Dr Ukoh said he and Lucy Letby were in the room when Child P collapsed. Letby said she was in the room when Child P collapsed.
Arrowe Park provided advice for treatment of Child P. A poor blood gas result showed Child P had respiratory acidosis. He had a poor heart rate and poor perfusion.
Child P was sedated and paralysed, which Dr Bohin said was entirely correct.

 
3:41pm

At 11.30am, Child P desaturated again, and he was given CPR. Spontaneous circulation was restored. A female doctor could not understand what was going on.
Upon saying the transport team from Liverpool were arriving to transfer Child P, Letby had said words to the effect of: “he’s not leaving here alive is he?”
The female doctor replied "Don't say that" - she thought they were 'winning' at that point.
In evidence, Letby said she could potentially have said that at that time, and both she and the female doctor were stressed at that time.
Letby said from her recollection, there was no reference to a tube dislodging for Child P. There is no evidence of anyone checking if it was blocked when it was removed.
A radiograph image taken at 11.57am had showed a pneumothorax, which was not a tension pneumothorax.
A male doctor's recollection from 12.50pm was that it was "very very busy" for Child P, and the plan was to insert a chest drain.
There was no apparent cause for what was going on clincially, the judge tells the court.

 
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3:49pm

Letby said she recalled the pneumothorax, and there was a "general decline" for Child P.
A miscalculation had been made where the adrenaline doses were higher than they should have been, but a doctor from the transport team had previously told the court they found no sign of Child P being impacted by that.
Child P's mother said Child P's stomach looked the same, but not as swollen. The father said the scene in the unit was one of pandemonium. "It was the same again". A female doctor was very apologetic to them, saying they would get to the bottom of what had caused the collapses.
The third triplet, who was stable, was taken to Liverpool by the transport team.
A female doctor denied she was trying to dramatise anything, in cross-examination. She said the situation was traumatic enough as it was.
In evidence, Letby said she had been involved with administering a lot of medication, and did not recall seeing any discolouration. She said there was 'relief' on the unit when the transport team turned up.
She said there was discussion if there had been a 'bug' on the unit.

 
4:01pm

After the deaths of Child O and Child P, the consultants 'insisted' Lucy Letby was removed from the unit, and 'resisted' attempts to bring her back, the court is told.
Dr Marnerides said he had no evidence to indicate a natural disease that would account for Child P's death. He thought small haematomas to the liver were potentially the result of CPR, or as a result of prematurity, and did not have enough to say it was an impact injury.
He said there was no clinical evidence for a natural cause. He said having considered other accounts, he concluded there was gastric distention caused by excessive air injected into the stomach.
Prof Arthurs reviewed radiographic images for Child P. He said the gases shown were 'unusual' for baby who did not have natural diseases. He said it was consistent with air administered.
Dr Evans was "at a loss" to explain how Child P had collapsed. He had believed the cause was complications from the pneumothorax. There was no credible natural cause. In cross-examination, he said an experienced or competent nurse or doctor would not cause a liver injury in resuscitations.
He said Child P could have collapsed from doses of air administered, and denied shifting his account to fit the evidence.
Dr Bohin was concerned about the x-ray for Child P on the night of June 23, and the air present there. Overnight, Child P became intolerant of feeds. She said attention should have been paid to the x-ray, which showed a pneumothorax, earlier. She said the air in Child P's abdomen from the night before was abnormal, and had been introduced at some point or points via the NGT, splinting the diaphragm. She could not think of any natural occurring phenomena that accounted for the subsequent collapses.

4:02pm

The trial judge says the case of Child Q will be referred to on Monday at 10.30am.
The jury "will be beginning their deliberations" before the lunch break on Monday. He says he expects that to be after an hour's court sitting. He urges the jurors to bring their refreshments with them on that day.

 
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