Direct Indictments are most frequently used where:[SUP]
[6][/SUP]
- delays in the trial could deprive the accused of the right to be tried within a reasonable time;
- the physical or psychological health of witnesses, their age, their safety or that of their relatives, and the difficulties involved in having witnesses testify more than once;
- preservation of the integrity of the Crowns evidence by, for example, protecting informants and ongoing police investigations;
- a risk that evidence could be destroyed;
- public safety reasons;
- the need to avoid multiple proceedings caused, for example, by delays in making arrests;
- the accused was wrongly discharged following the preliminary inquiry because of errors, or new evidence has been discovered;
- a preliminary inquiry would be unreasonably costly, complex or long, or would be inappropriate because of the nature of the issues or the evidence;
- the alleged offence is so controversial that it is in the public interest to try the case as quickly as possible; and
- certain guidelines set out additional, broader criteria, such as the need to maintain public confidence in the administration of justice, the public interest, or the fact that the case is notorious or of particular importance to the public, that the direct indictment is the most appropriate procedure in the circumstances, or that there is a special need to expedite proceedings.
The Attorney General does not need to give reasons for deciding to prefer a direct indictment.[SUP]
[7][/SUP]
The power under s. 577 is a discretionary power of the Crown.[SUP]
[8][/SUP] However, it is reviewable for violations of the Charter. [SUP]
[9][/SUP]
The consent of the Attorney General should generally be found on the direct indictment with a signature. However, may still be valid by attaching a letter from the Attorney-General consenting to the indictment.[SUP]
[10][/SUP]
The "recommendation package" addressed to the Attorney General setting out a recommendation for laying a direct indictment is privileged and not disclosable.[SUP][11][/SUP]
Preferring a direct indictment where disclosure obligations have not been met may breach s. 7 of the Charter.[SUP]
[12][/SUP]
Abuse of Process
The exercise of power under s. 577 can be reviewed as an abuse of process.[SUP][13][/SUP]
To warrant a remedy, it must be shown "that a discretion was exercise for improper or arbitrary motives".[SUP][14][/SUP] There must be "clear and convincing evidence supporting the allegations before the Court."[SUP][15][/SUP]
The defence may be able to have the court order evidence be taken from the justice system participants involved in the decision and the documents related to the decision to direct the indictment.[SUP]
[16][/SUP]
There is a high standard to warrant such disclosure requiring evidence of mala fides or "flagrant impropriety".[SUP][17][/SUP] Further, the applicant must show that the documents fall under an exception to solicitor-client privilege.[SUP]
[18][/SUP]