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A sub and a licensed teacher are very different
For Texas teacher license a Bachelors degree is required, you can have completed a certification program as part of the bachelors or after earning a bachelors.
Teacher Education Program
Complete 30 college hours
Apply and be admitted into a teacher education program, choose elem K-6 or secondary 6-12.
Complete degree requirements, courses, observations, student teaching
Take Professional exams, Apply for licensing
To maintain certification- keep up Continuing Professional Education hours, earn course credit at a university, or go back for a related degree- Masters specialization or admin
Early Childhood- EC3- Generalist to teach PreK to grade 3
Elementary EC6- Generalist certification to teach various subjects, math, social studies, English/ language arts, science. K-6th grade
Education courses, observations, student teaching
State professional exam, generalist elementary exam for license
Secondary- 6-12 teachers must earn a bachelors in their content area, their degree is not in Education, major in one area and minor in second area,
Bachelors/ content area courses
Education courses, observations, student teaching
State professional exam, exams for each content area, secondary exam for license
Alternative Certification Program-
iTEACH Program lists certifications
Bachelors degree
Education courses, observations, student teaching
State professional exams for license
I have known teachers who were hired for one year while completing an Alt Cert Program, so they are getting paid. They are probationary, their contract cannot be renewed without certification.
There are many many certifications- special ed, art, music, PE, coaching, 4-8 grade specializations
Texas Education Agency website
I believe this is up to date, but things do change
IMO