Source: The following information is excerpted from A Guide to Federal Aid in Disasters, FEMA, 4/95.
Requirements: In order for the President to declare a federal major disaster or emergency, the Governor of the requesting state must submit the following:
Local Emergency Declaration
State of Emergency Proclamation
The Governor's written request for federal assistance must also include:
Certification of implementation of the State Emergency Plan.
Description of how the disaster caused needs beyond State/local capabilities.
A description of State/local resources already committed.
Preliminary estimates of supplementary Federal assistance needed.
Certification of compliance with cost-sharing requirements of the Stafford Act.
Basis for request: The situation is of such severity and magnitude that effective response is beyond the capabilities of the state and affected local governments, and
Federal assistance under the Stafford Act is necessary to supplement the efforts and available resources of the state, affected local governments, disaster relief organizations, and compensation by insurance.
Definitions: For the purposes of a Presidential Declaration of a Major Disaster or Emergency, the following definitions apply:
Major disaster A major disaster is defined as "any natural catastrophe (including any hurricane, tornado, storm, high water, wind driven water, tidal wave, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide, mudslide, snowstorm, or drought), or, regardless of cause, any fire, flood, or explosion, in any part of the U.S. which in the determination of the President causes damage of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant major disaster assistance under this Act to supplement the efforts and available resources of States, local governments, and disaster relief organizations in alleviating the damage, loss, hardship, or suffering caused thereby."
Emergency An emergency is defined as "any occasion or instance for which, in the determination of the President, Federal assistance is needed to supplement State and local efforts and capabilities to save lives and to protect property and public health and safety, or to lessen or avert the threat of a catastrophe in any part of the U.S."