A hostile witness can be a reluctant witness who is not there cooperatively and is hesitant to give full answers. This witness was treated as a "hostile" witness by the defense and I'd bet money that during one of the sidebars, the defense asked permission to treat the witness as such for the purpose of eliciting testimony through leading questions. The defense attorney was permitted to ask leading questions throughout most of the direct examination, and after one of the first sidebars Juan quit objecting to the leading questions.