Cross Examination of Dr. Michael Rickenbach by JB
Asked about GCMS - gas chromatography mass spectrometer - examination and identification of chemicals. The FBI's are very sensitive. They detect chemicals out of the matrix of water. The GCMS breaks things down into very very small amounts of chemicals.
The second test was flame ionization - very similar to first test, using a different detector system - headspace.
Q-22 - residues of chloroform - chloroform is usually found in a liquid state. What he received was not liquid. The chloroform can be driven off and detected. The Chloroform was found in very small amounts. It has been detected in household cleaning agents and other household items, including detergents and possibly drinking water. He has never analyzed swimming pool water for chloroform.
He doesn't know if a bathing suit thrown in trunk would produce chloroform.
Objection hypothetical - sustained.
No first hand knowledge as to chloroform in soda.
Usually it has been found in cleaning products - may be other items.
Objection - facts not in evidence - overruled.
A chromatogram is a graphic output from an instrument that is a graph of the signal coming from the instrument based on whether a chemical is detected and the time it is taking for the chemical to come off and be separated.
Witness goes to the easel and asked to draw a chromatogram. He drew an example.
When he runs a sample, you don't get a quantitative amount.
Qualitative analysis - trying to detect the substance you are analyzing - not how much.
Quantitative analysis - numeric amount of substance.
You can't tell an exact quantity from the graph, just relative amounts. Only looking at qualitative amount, without a standard, would not be a good way to quantify.
He analyzed the samples in dual mode - twice - one cutting without an internal standard and another with an internal standard and ran them together. This is not how he determined that they were at very, very low amounts.
With every analysis you run a negative (no sample) and positive control. At the end of the analysis, he ran the positive control for chloroform. Based on the amount, the chloroform that came out of the specimen came out less than the amount he knew he put in.
This was not the most chloroform he has seen in 20 years. It was not shockingly high levels.
Q-22 - piece of spare tire cover - found residue of chloroform - significantly lower levels than chloroform positive control
Q-23 - spare tire cover - found residue of chloroform at significantly lower levels of positive control
Q-24 - left side of trunk liner - chemical consistent with chloroform detected. One test detected it at low levels. Second method did not pick it up - hence consistent with.
Q-25 - right side of trunk liner - also consistent with chloroform - one test at low levels, second test did not pick it up.
Q-44 - piece of spare tire cover - residues of chloroform identified at significantly lower levels than the positive control.
Q-45 - piece of spare tire cover - residues of chloroform identified at significantly lower levels than the positive control.
He tested other items, but not sure where they came from. These were in later batches of submissions.
Steering wheel cover of car?
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