primary victims of crime
A primary victim of crime is a person against whom a crime has been committed or attempted. A crime is an act defined by the Criminal Code of Canada and is punishable by law. A person may be a victim of a personal crime, such as assault, sexual assault, or robbery. Or, a person may be a victim of a property crime, such as theft or break-and-enter, if he or she is the owner of the property that has been stolen or is a resident in a home that has been broken into.
The crime does not have to be reported to police, proceed to charges, or result in a guilty verdict for the victim to be considered a victim of crime. It is the act itself that defines a victim.
secondary victims of crime
Secondary victims are those who are related to the primary victim and so are also significantly affected by the crime. A secondary victim may be a parent or sibling of a person injured in an assault, for example, or the child of a woman who is a victim of violence in her intimate relationship.
A secondary victim may also be someone who witnessed a crime but was not directly victimized. This may include, for example, a friend who was present when a person was assaulted, or a customer in a bank during a robbery.
Secondary victims who are family members or close friends may themselves suffer traumatic reactions to the crime, or may also require support because they are part of the informal support system of the victim. In either case, secondary victims may require the same kind of information, support, and referral as primary victims of crime.