That depends on how many towers are close by. If there are at least 3 close enough to ping, her location can be triangulated with 100 ft. (I think, but Paul can probably tell you the right distance if I'm off.)
Big disclaimer, I work in software, not on cellular technology which is a distinct discipline.
It's about that range, yes. Cell phone triangulation using mobile towers isn't terribly accurate. Adding in GPS/GLONASS helps with the accuracy, which is why the police want access to the Fitbit data since if Mollie had GPS enabled and her Fitbit was in tracking mode, they may pretty exact location history for her, within a few meters.
Cell phone triangulation only works if there are multiple towers nearby. I'm not sure how many are/around Brooklyn, Iowa. It's not a big town.
CellReception | Find a better signal. shows a few towers nearby, most by independent parties but one by US Cellular which is a regional cell carrier in the midwest, which is near the Interstate exit for Brooklyn. There are also additional US Cellular towers nearby.
That being said, you can still get useful information. Cell companies can get a rough idea on how far a cell phone is from a cell tower. Sort of a more complicated version of seeing a flash of lightning, counting the seconds until you hear the boom, then doing a little math to figure out how far the strike was. This has been used to determine roughly where the phone of missing person Bill Ewasko was when it last pinged a cell tower near Joshua Tree. And if the cell phone continues to ping the tower, you could tell if the cell phone had moved closer to or away from the tower - again, very roughly. You may be able to tell other data as well, but I'm not nearly enough of an expert.