In that example, would 30 years mean an entire 30 years incarcerated or is there time off for good behaviour, etc?
In the US, 30 year sentences often mean 18 to 24 years and then parole.Two completely different justice, and sentencing systems.
Two completely different justice, and sentencing systems.
In US, barring a pardon, a life sentence equals life imprisonment.
Whereas in UK, a life sentence is served partly in prison and the remainder on licence (ie in the community, but with strict probation-type terms attached, for life).
In UK the minimum term for imprisonment for murder is a life sentence, with an imprisonment of 15 years, for adults.
Generally, for adults in UK convicted for murder, life sentence imprisonments can vary from between 15 - 30 years, and in rare instances, longer (I believe the longest single life sentence handed out is 38 years and a number of months).
In a life sentence, the term set by the judge is the minimum the person will spend imprisoned.
So if someone recieved life with 30 years imprisoned they will not be realised until at least having spent 30 years behind bars. There is no reduction as it is a life sentence with a minimum term set.
There are also cases where more than one life sentence is handed out during a single sentencing, and not only the crime of murder carries a life sentence in the UK.
Rape and armed robbery and other serious violent crimes can also carry life sentences, but unlike murder the sentences these crimes carry do not begin at a life sentence.
The closest UK equivalent to the US life sentence is called a Whole Life Order.
This guarantees the convicted person shall never be released.
Unlike in US, these whole life orders are exceptionally rare in UK, and only handed out in incredibly serious murders, often where multiple murders have occurred (serial killers) or when children have been abducted and subject to serious abuse with a high degree of premeditation.
There is no death penalty for murder anywhere in UK.