AND it took nearly ten years worth of advancement in DNA testing methods just to GET to 10! I find it incredible that people can blithely claim that it matches the tDNA, when, by definition, partial DNA profiles can't match anything.
Im going to try to explain this matching thing in a different way, keeping things really simple, roughly analogous, sort of metaphorical and all that.
First, this is one of the markers used (for real) by CODIS: D3S1358
Second, lets pretend the markers are colors and that D3S1358 is the color red.
Each color will tell us if it came from Mom or if it came from Dad or from both Mom and Dad. Well represented this as MM, or DD, or MD, or DM.
Sample A is a Full Profile. It has all 13 colors.
Sample B has only one marker. It is D3S1358. It is red. It is Red with MM.
Sample As Red is also MM.
These samples match. Thats what that means.
A match does not mean that Sample A and Sample B came from the same person. It means that they could have came from the same person. How likely it is that they came from the same person is largely determined by the using the number of markers found in the Sample with the fewest number found.
In this example, everyone with Red DD matches. They are INCLUDED.
Everyone with Red DD, or Red MD, or Red DM is EXCLUDED. That DNA did not come from them.
A DNA match simply means that every single (even if only one) marker that was found, matched.
Just for fun, Ill throw this is (but, Im really starting to feel like this should be moved over to a DNA thread).
DNA is a numbers game, and in and of itself, only tells us who is included (and to what degree) and who is excluded.
Exclusions are 100 % and determined by only ONE marker. Inclusions are NEVER 100% but theyre going to tell us how many people out of what size group can be included as being the possible source; how close to 100% (1/1) we can get.
I dont think there is a Court accepted Standard here, but the FBI has determined that, still using the color analogy, a marker such as Red MM will occur once in every group of 13.66 people. 1/13.66.
Every time you have another matching marker you just multiply it by 1/13.66. Try it. The numbers get really big, really fast. Even at five markers, were talking about a group of one out of every 400,00+ people. Boulder population was under 100, 00 wasnt it?
BTW, I moved this aspect (DNA) of the discussion, and copied this post, to here:
http://tinyurl.com/ple2xed
AK