[Snipped]
If in court it comes out that the female bounty hunter had information but didn't share it with LE she could be charged with withholding evidence or maybe accessory after the fact.
Sorry, this is not true. First, an accessory after the fact has to do something that encourages the crime or helps cover up the crime after the fact. Just because she was present in the house after the arrest and release on bail doesn't make her an accomplice. She would have to have some duty to make a report and she does not. Immunity is sometimes requested and given just to be safe and for no other reason. The following is from Wikipedia, but it is a good discussion of the topic.
[edit] Aiding and Abetting under U.S. Law
Courts often refer to
aiding and abetting as an
alternate theory of liability rather than a separate crime. Under 18
U.S.C. § 2, aiding and abetting liability is available in all federal criminal prosecutions; however, the availability and extent of civil aiding and abetting liability varies from statute to statute.
Where available, aiding and abetting liability generally requires three elements: 1) an underlying violation by a
principal; 2)
knowledge of that violation and/or the
intent to facilitate the violation; and 3) assistance to the principal in the violation.
As indicated by the
Supreme Court, In order to aid and abet another to commit a crime it is necessary that a defendant 'in some sort associate himself with the venture, that he participate in it as in something that he wishes to bring about, that he seek by his action to make it succeed.
Nye & Nissen v. United States, 336 U.S. 613, 618 (1949) quoting
Judge Learned Hand in
U.S. v. Peoni 100 F.2d 401, 402 (2d. Cir. 1938).
In 1982, the
United States Supreme Court held that accomplices may not be executed for the
capital crimes of other criminals, if there is no evidence that the accomplice knew or even suspected that the
primary wrongdoer might commit
murder. In
Enmund v. Florida, 458 U.S. 782 (1982), the accomplice was sitting in a car outside a house where a robbery was committed, and had no inkling that his partner in crime was going to kill the robbery victim.
Some states, including the state of California, have a system that distinguishes between an
accessory, an
accomplice, and a
principal (or
co-principal) in a different way. In this system, the difference between an accessory and an accomplice is not as listed above. An accessory would ONLY be someone who aids and abets the principal (the person who committed the crime OR helped in the planning of the crime) to escape justice after the crime has been committed (there is no more accessory "before" and "after" the fact... what was once "
accessory before the fact" is now just "
co-principal", and what was once "
accessory after the fact" is now just "
accessory". An accomplice is NOT a formal legal term in many states... it is "
legal slang", and denotes ONLY "an accessory or co-principal that agrees to testify against another principal in a court of law".
Accomplice Liability (unlike
conspiracy, no agreement necessary) Actual assistance required and principle must know of Accomplice's actions. Defendant must intend to commit or to assist another in committing (requires
specific intent)
In some situations (the mental state might be that the accessory might think that the principal will commit the crime) in some states the required mental state, or
culpability, is the knowledge the principals mental state
Model Penal Code: a person who attempts to aid a person is guilty of being an accessory, regardless of whether the act or the attempted act occurred (§5.01.3)
Detectives are not
culpable if they have a different [[
mens rea]] (e.g. not to permanently deprive one of goods)
Some courts take the position that any active assistance establishes a
mens rea.
Common law categories Principles in first degree Principles in second degree one who gives "constructive prence" Accessories before the fact; An accessory before the fact is one who procure counsels or commands the commission of a felony but who, unlike a principal in the second degree, is not present, actually or constructively, at the commission of the criminal act. Accessories after the fact is defined as Knowledge (not just suspicion) that a felony had been committed, and completed, by the assisted person;
Accomplices are liable for the crime itself and all other
foreseeable crimes Even if the principal has an
immunity the accomplice can still be tried accomplice is imputed with the mens rea of the actor (intent to commit or encourage the crime) (former lover looking for girl) Both parties must have the same intent (relative helped robber rob store to help police catch him) One is not an accomplice if they do not actively aiding or abetting or counseling the crime Don't give people accomplice liability just because they are present, but they seem to be consenting
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accomplice