Here is a little info on intentional vs. accidental burns:
Scalding Burns
One common type of burn inflicted on a child is caused by immersing the victim in hot water. A telltale sign of this type of crime is a "waterline," a distinct border showing where the injury ends.
The injury will have very little tapering near the edges, indicating the child was held in place.
Any child who is subjected to hot water will thrash about in an effort to escape the pain.
Not only would a child thrash, but also he would be likely to do his best to protect himself. This reflexive protection mechanism would lead to "sparing."
If the legs were forced into hot water,
the child would have folded his legs, protecting the area behind his knees. "These sparing actions prevent burning within the body creases, causing a striped configuration of burned and unburned zones, or a zebra pattern," writes Charles Swanson in the book "Criminal Investigation."
Common Sense
In general, some good common sense questions will assist you in determining whether a burn injury is intentional or accidental.
If the item was heated,
how long did it take to heat and what were the caretaker and child doing during this time?
Det. Joseph Petrocelli is a 20-year veteran of New Jersey law enforcement. You can comment on this article, suggest other topics, or reach the author by e-mailing the editor at
editor@PoliceMag.com.
Immersion Burn Patterns
Deliberate immersion burns result in injury patterns that you should learn to identify.
Doughnut pattern on the buttocks. When a child accidentally falls into hot water, the immediate reaction is to thrash about. In a deliberate immersion, the child is often held down with his buttocks in contact with the bottom of the container, sparing that portion of the buttocks from injury.
Waterlines. If a child is held in place, there will be a sharp and distinct line of injury. A child who accidentally falls into hot water will splash about, causing irregular injury patterns.
http://www.policemag.com/Channel/Patrol/Articles/2009/08/Child-Burn-Investigations.aspx