arkansasmimi
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the Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit held that the defendant’s nervous or furtive behavior and presence in a high crime area were not sufficient to establish reasonable suspicion. 654 F. 3d 480, 486 (4th Cir. 2011). Again, erratic driving and attempting to determine if surveillance was being conducted, which it was, do not even amount to reasonable suspicion, let alone probable cause.
Thirdly, Investigator Stocks’ affidavit states that while surveilling Mr. Hadsell, detectives observed him “changing clothing and at one point even wore a mask that concealed his face.” In United States v. Sprinkle, the Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit found there was no reasonable suspicion where officers were aware of a defendant’s past criminal record; events occurred in a high crime area; and the defendant attempted to hide his face and closely huddled with another person in vehicle. 106 F.3d 613, 617 (4th Cir. 1997). Similarly here, Mr. Hadsell’s attempt to hide his face with a mask, in addition to his criminal record noted above, do not amount to reasonable suspicion, and thus not probable cause. See also United States v. Foster, 634 F. 3d 243; 246-47 (4th Cir. 2011) (combination of factors including officer’s knowledge of defendant’s prior record, defendant being in crouched position in vehicle, defendant engaging in erratic activity with his arms, not sufficient to establish reasonable suspicion; court noting disapprovingly of “the inclination of government to use whatever facts necessary to establish reasonable suspicion”.
Given that a tip on the Crimeline about a prior alleged similar incident, reports of Mr. Hadsell driving “erratically” and “attempting to determine if surveillance was being conducted” does not amount to probable cause, that leaves only Mr. Hadsell’s alleged inconsistent statements, video (or lack of video) from the gas station depicting nothing, and Ms. Angelica
Thirdly, Investigator Stocks’ affidavit states that while surveilling Mr. Hadsell, detectives observed him “changing clothing and at one point even wore a mask that concealed his face.” In United States v. Sprinkle, the Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit found there was no reasonable suspicion where officers were aware of a defendant’s past criminal record; events occurred in a high crime area; and the defendant attempted to hide his face and closely huddled with another person in vehicle. 106 F.3d 613, 617 (4th Cir. 1997). Similarly here, Mr. Hadsell’s attempt to hide his face with a mask, in addition to his criminal record noted above, do not amount to reasonable suspicion, and thus not probable cause. See also United States v. Foster, 634 F. 3d 243; 246-47 (4th Cir. 2011) (combination of factors including officer’s knowledge of defendant’s prior record, defendant being in crouched position in vehicle, defendant engaging in erratic activity with his arms, not sufficient to establish reasonable suspicion; court noting disapprovingly of “the inclination of government to use whatever facts necessary to establish reasonable suspicion”.
Given that a tip on the Crimeline about a prior alleged similar incident, reports of Mr. Hadsell driving “erratically” and “attempting to determine if surveillance was being conducted” does not amount to probable cause, that leaves only Mr. Hadsell’s alleged inconsistent statements, video (or lack of video) from the gas station depicting nothing, and Ms. Angelica