The judges do have "bosses" in a sense (presiding judges), but the presiding judges do not tell other judges how to rule in a case. They are more like team leaders than bosses.
Judges at the trial court level in AZ do not have clerks who can help them research. However, they are lawyers and so are perfectly capable of researching things on their own. And most of the time, they get briefs from the lawyers on each side, who have done the research as well, which gives them a good head start if they need to hop on Westlaw and check something for themselves.
The reason for what seems like a delay in deciding motions is that motions work like this: One side files a motion. The other side gets a period of time (often 2-3 weeks depending on the type of motion and how it was delivered) to respond. The first side gets a week or so to file a reply. If there are disputes of fact involved (like whether or not the MCSO is preventing Jodi from interviewing witnesses), the judge holds an evidentiary hearing (like a mini-trial) to figure out what the facts are.
For this motion (Jodi's motion to delay the retrial), the judge skipped right over the response and reply brief and went straight to an evidentiary hearing to be held next week!! So she's moving at super-crazy double-time speed!

At least from my perspective lol.
Why can't the judge just say, "Oh, the case law says to do X in this situation, so I will do X?" Because the case law on practically everything that people have been talking about in this thread says, "In this situation, you have to carefully gather all the facts and balance a bunch of different factors against one another, and we can't really tell you where you should end up without knowing all the facts, but you'd better believe we'll be second-guessing your every move on appeal so for heaven's sake don't make any mistakes."