The whole case I think hinges on the statute for citizens arrest (in the photo & written below) that’s just 2 sentences long and dating back years .
If the effort to make a citizen’s arrest of Ahmaud Arbery was lawful, then everything that follows was likely also lawful, if the effort to make a citizen’s arrest of Arbery was unlawful, then everything that follow was also likely unlawful.
“A private person may arrest an offender if the offense is committed in his presence or within his immediate knowledge. If the offense is a felony and the offender is escaping or attempting to escape, a private person may arrest him upon reasonable and probable grounds of suspicion.”
So it’s how you look at 2 sentences .
The felony scenario is in the second sentence. It has different requirements set out in the first sentence.
So I read the first sentence as an alternative criminal scenario, the non-felony, the misdemeanour.
reasonable and probable grounds of suspicion is in the second sentence the felony , so for something serious you only have to satisfy “probable” . So if I think that you might have murdered someone I’m going to arrest you .
If it’s just say , shoplifting probable cause isn’t good enough , it will require that the offense was committed in the presence of the person making the arrest, or that they have immediate knowledge of the offence as per sentence 1.
I can’t see how sentence 2 can be relevant to sentence 1 as that’s throwing in a LESSER thing of just probable .
Dunikoski argues the sentences should be read together but I can’t see how that makes sense . Also it’s not up to Dunikoski to interpret a poorly written law & it’s not the job of the jury to do that , it’s the job of the Judge .
The key issue is if the 2 sentences in the citizen’s arrest statute are intended to be melded together so that both apply to all arrests, or whether the conditions of the first sentence refer to misdemeanor arrests and the conditions of the second sentence refer to felony arrests. (Remember this statute is really old)
The judge tells the jury “The private person may arrest an offender if the offense is committed in his presence or within his immediate knowledge. If the offense is a felony, and the offender is escaping or attempting to escape, a private person may arrest him upon reasonable and probable grounds of suspicion.”
The judge doesn’t tell the jury how to interpret those 2 sentences (together or separate)
I think the judge has left the jury with an ambiguous statute and it should be non-ambiguous for a jury.
If a statue is ambiguous it is always resolved in the favour of the defendant not the State because it’s the Government that drafted the statute.