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Iran has layers a bit like the Soviet Union did. (Not quite as harsh, but Iran is up there. Maybe they are more harsh??)
It took decades of infilitration within the Soviet Union. All the stories about all the spies. All the technology competitions. K-12 was geared toward overcoming the Soviet Union. I took Spanish instead of French because of the Soviet Union. We had physical fitness classes because of the Soviet Union. I majored math because STEM degrees were needed to stave off the Soviet Union.
Everytime a premier would die, everyone would get hopeful. Eventually, it collapsed from within.
But boy the US worked it's butt off dealing with the Soviet Union.
Both sides worked with each other because the leaders survived WWII and deep inside, were war-averse.
Was the Soviet Union harsh? In my time, it merely appeared sturdy. In was based on Marxist ideology, pivoted by the communist party and physically protected by CK/NKVD/KGB, "the party's avenging sword." The ruling system employed a lot of people and seemed unbreakable.
And no premier could change anything because the ideology and economy the country were based on stayed the same. One could get paranoid Stalin or laid-back Brezhnev. But you know...self-proclaimed marxists here "maybe" have read Marx. Soviet leaders were raised on Marx's and Lenin's books. It is like religion: they knew that capitalism looked good but was doomed because, you know, crises. So what was the alternative? Still, communism.
What ruins empires? Economy. The Soviet economy, exhausted by the arms race, started rapidly declining with OPEC oil glut. So from 1981 to 1991, it was all going down the drain until the communist party quietly expired overnight.
About Iran, it is different. I'd guess they are more observant than the old Soviets. It is multi-ethnic, multi-cultural, multi-religious. I always have the feeling that the country that existed since the 6th century B.C. is complex. We need to have the best consultants on it. Iranians are not bedouins of the desert relatively recently cemented into statehoods by oil. They lived on their land for millennia.