UK - Lucy Letby Trial - Media, Maps & Timeline *NO DISCUSSION*

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Tuesday November 8th 2022 - Live updates from the trial

Colour Code

Blue text - Lucy Letby's (Defendant's) texts and Facebook searches
Green text - Countess of Chester Hospital medical staff
Black text - Police/Intelligence Analysts evidence
Orange text - Medical expert witnesses
Purple text - Agreed Facts and Parents evidence



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Day 18 of Prosecution Evidence

Child D


Neonatal Nurse & Shift Leader, CoCH, Night Shift 21st/22nd June 2015


12:30pm

The next witness, who cannot be named due to reporting restrictions, confirms she was a neonatal unit nurse at the Countess of Chester Hospital in June 2015.
She tells the court night shifts would be "generally quieter" in terms of staffing numbers, and there were no set rules on when they would take breaks, and would depend on workloads.
When they were on breaks, another member of staff would be directed to cover for the designated baby. That role could be done by the shift leader.

12:34pm

The nurse confirms she was the designated nurse for two babies in room 2 on the night shift of June 21.
She said she cannot remember having any cause to be involved with Child D on the early part of that night.
A medicine chart is presented to the court showing the nurse was a co-signer for doses of medication for Child D at 9.23pm.

12:38pm

The nurse says her memory of Child D's collapse at 1.30am is "vague", but remembers her being "stiff" and having a "rash" on her abdomen.
She says she does not remember whether she was in the room at the time of the collapse.
She says, from her statement, colleague Caroline Oakley (the designated nurse) was not present in the room at that time.
She recalls Child D's appearance - the baby girl was 'discoloured' and "stiff". The discolouration "was like a mottled appearance", it was "an odd rash, it was unusual".
She said mottling would be blue and grey, whereas this was "not that colour". She said it was a "reddy brown" colour, which was "unusual", and this was found on Child D's abdomen.

12:41pm

The nurse says she wants to say she had seen this discoloured appearance again, but could not say whether that was before or after June 2015.
Asked by the prosecution to clarify, she tells the court she had not seen that discoloured skin appearance in the years prior to that.
The nurse remembers Child D recovered quickly and was examined by Dr Andrew Brunton.
She says, from her notes, the rash had 'resolved' by that point.

12:42pm

The nurse added a similar event happened for Child D where she desaturated. She does not remember the circumstances but believed it was similar where she was given treatment, reviewed, and recovered.
She said she didn't remember seeing Child D, but would have done so as part of her shift. She said she didn't remember anything about the child's appearance or recovery.

12:46pm

The nurse tells the court there was further desaturating for Child D, she would have been notified to the room - but does not recall how - and there was a call for a medical review.
Full CPR was being carried out on Child D by the time Dr Brunton arrived in the room, the nurse tells the court.

12:52pm

The nurse recalls the efforts made to resuscitate Child D, which were made in established guidelines, and ultimately efforts were not successful.
She recalls the parents were there at the time.
After Child D had died, she recalls having a conversation with Lucy Letby on the resuscitation drugs used.
A chart advising dose levels for the drugs would usually be kept by the child, but this A4 chart, a laminated piece of paper, was missing.
The nurse said that chart was missing, and the resuscitation drugs were administered by calculating the doses with Child D's weight, and using her years of experience.
The chart "eventually turned up", the court hears, as "it must have gone missing in the stress of everything".
Lucy Letby asked the nurse how she knew what dose levels to give, and the nurse explained how she had done so.

Cross-Examination

12:57pm

Mr Myers, for Letby's defence, asks the nurse about workloads between June 2015-June 2016.
The nurse agrees there was a higher workload during that time, with an increased acuity overall in the patients arriving in the unit.
Mr Myers asks about the 14 babies being on the unit on the night of June 21.
He says "ideally", the shift leader (which the nurse was working that night) would not be looking after babies on the unit for that shift. The nurse agrees.
Mr Myers said Child D was being looked after by Caroline Oakley, who was in room 1 (the intensive unit room), and another baby in room 2 (a high-dependency unit room), and that goes against the guidelines.
The nurse says: "It's not what the guidelines say, however, the ITU guidelines are quite specific."
The nurse says some babies in intensive care require different levels of care.
Mr Myers says, ideally, Child D would have 1-2-1 care that night.
"Ideally, yes."

12:59pm

Mr Myers asks about Child D's collapses that night.
The nurse confirms resuscitation attempts were only required on the third collapse.
Mr Myers asks about the rash - which the nurse described as 'mottled, white circles, with a reddy-brown colour'.
He asks if that is what the nurse remembers from telling the police, or from discussing it with colleagues.
The nurse: "No, that is how I remember the rash."
Mr Myers asks if that is how she remembers the rash, as 'reddy-brown' was not in the police statement.
The nurse agrees.
She also says she cannot remember how long the rash lasted.


LIVE: Lucy Letby trial, Tuesday, November 8
 
Tuesday November 8th 2022

Colour Code

Blue text - Lucy Letby's (Defendant's) texts and Facebook searches
Green text - Countess of Chester Hospital medical staff
Black text - Police/Intelligence Analysts evidence
Orange text - Medical expert witnesses
Purple text - Agreed Facts and Parents evidence



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Day 18 of Prosecution Evidence

Child D


Neonatal Nurse & Shift Leader, CoCH, Night Shift 21st/22nd June 2015


Tweets


https://twitter.com/MrDanDonoghue

We're now hearing from a former nursing colleague of Ms Letby, who cannot be named for legal reasons.

The nurse is recalling events from the early hours of June 22, 2015 when Child D collapsed for the first time. The nurse remembers seeing Child D with a 'redy brown' rash on her abdomen. She tells the court she had seen this in other babies around this time, but not before

The nurse recalls the efforts made to resuscitate Child D, which were ultimately successful. After Child D had died, she told the court there was a discussion with Ms Letby about the resuscitation drugs used.

The chart advising dose levels would normally be kept by the child, but it was missing. The nurse said "it must have gone missing in the stress of everything".

The nurse said that Ms Letby asked her how she knew what dose levels to give, and the nurse explained how she did this by calculating the doses with Child D's weight, and using her years of experience
 
Tuesday November 8th 2022 - Live updates from the trial

Colour Code

Blue text - Lucy Letby's (Defendant's) texts and Facebook searches
Green text - Countess of Chester Hospital medical staff
Black text - Police/Intelligence Analysts evidence
Orange text - Medical expert witnesses
Purple text - Agreed Facts and Parents evidence



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Day 18 of Prosecution Evidence

Child D


Dr Emily Thomas, CoCH, Night Shift 21st/22nd June 2015


1:05pm

The court is now hearing from Dr Emily Thomas, who in June 2015 was working at the Countess of Chester Hospital.
She remembers the night shift being busy on the children's ward, and her colleague Dr Andrew Brunton being called out to assist Child D.
She recalls an unusual rash appearance at the 1.30am collapse, with purple colouring around the abdomen.
Dr Thomas said she was in the middle of a septic screening in room 2 or 3 at the time of the third collapse.
She said she believed Lucy Letby was the one who had called for help, and recalled her being upset, saying what she recalled was: "This is my second baby that this has happened to".

1:06pm

She did not recall seeing a rash on Child D during the resuscitation attempts.

1:24pm

The court also heard, from Dr Thomas's statement, there was a communication mix-up when Dr Brunton was on the telephone to what he thought was an on-call consultant, but was actually one of the parents of Child A and B.
By this time, Child A had died and Child B was being treated in the neonatal unit following a non-fatal collapse.
Previously, the court heard the parents of Child A and B would be in very regular contact with the hospital throughout the nights for an update on Child B's condition.
Dr Brunton was "mortified" when he realised the communications error had been made.


LIVE: Lucy Letby trial, Tuesday, November 8


Tweets



The court later heard a statement from Dr Emily Thomas, who in June 2015 was working at the Countess of Chester Hospital.

Dr Thomas recalled her then colleague Dr Andrew Brunton, who was leading resuscitation efforts, being “mortified” when a mix-up led to the mother of Child A, also allegedly killed by Ms Letby, being contacted on the phone instead of a consultant.

Dr Bruton had wanted to speak to senior colleague Dr Elizabeth Newby for advice on the resuscitation of Child D. Dr Thomas said Dr Brunton was “shocked” when he realised the error that had been made.

The call would have been made to Child A’s mother in the early hours of the morning, just two weeks after the death of her baby.


Court has now adjourned for today, back tomorrow.
 
Tuesday November 8th 2022 - Live updates from the trial

Colour Code

Blue text - Lucy Letby's (Defendant's) texts and Facebook searches
Green text - Countess of Chester Hospital medical staff
Black text - Police/Intelligence Analysts evidence
Orange text - Medical expert witnesses
Purple text - Agreed Facts and Parents evidence



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Day 18 of Prosecution Evidence

Child D


Nurse Elizabeth Marsh, CoCH, Night Shift 21st/22nd June 2015


1:14pm

The next witness, Elizabeth Marsh, was working a night shift on June 21.
She said on this shift, she was looking after babies on the post-natal ward and babies on the neonatal unit.
She said she saw Lucy Letby giving chest compressions to Child D at the time of her third collapse.
She said she was not directly involved in the resuscitation attempts, and was involved in the transcribing of the efforts, writing the notes on a paper towel.
She said there was a short debrief at the end of that, but nothing more formal at that time.


LIVE: Lucy Letby trial, Tuesday, November 8
 
Tuesday November 8th 2022 - BBC - 10% extracts - Link Lucy Letby: Baby was stable the day before she died, jury told

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Colour Code

Blue text - Lucy Letby's (Defendant's) texts and Facebook searches
Green text - Countess of Chester Hospital medical staff
Black text - Police/Intelligence Analysts evidence
Orange text - Medical expert witnesses
Purple text - Agreed Facts and Parents evidence



Day 18 of Prosecution Evidence

Child D

Dr Sarah Rylance, Registrar @ CoCH, Neonatal, Long-Day Shifts 20th June 2015 and 21st June 2015


---
Dr Rylance, who was on shift the day before Child D's death, said the infant had "a very satisfactory day" on 21 June 2015 and was improving, in good colour and not needing oxygen support.

[...]

Mr Myers said Child D was not given antibiotics until nearly four hours after birth.
"You may not be responsible, but that falls below the standard of care for a new-born baby, doesn't it?", he said.
"Yes," Dr Rylance responded.
 
Tuesday November 8th 2022 - Daily Mail - 10% extracts - Link Murder-accused Lucy Letby 'very upset' during girl's fatal collapse

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Colour Code

Blue text - Lucy Letby's (Defendant's) texts and Facebook searches
Green text - Countess of Chester Hospital medical staff
Black text - Police/Intelligence Analysts evidence
Orange text - Medical expert witnesses
Purple text - Agreed Facts and Parents evidence



Day 18 of Prosecution Evidence

Child D

Dr Emily Thomas, CoCH, Night Shift 21st/22nd June 2015 - Witness Statement


---

"In a statement read to the jury [...] [Dr Thomas] recalled: 'A nurse called Lucy was the designated nurse for D.

'I believe she'd been the designated nurse for Baby A, and later she became very upset in front of me.

'She said to me 'This is my second baby that this has happened to'.' [...]

[Dr Thomas] asked a nurse to put a crash call out while two of her colleagues began to carry out full CPR on the baby.

The duty registrar, Dr Andrew Brunton, rushed into the unit and took control of the resuscitation attempts.

While he was trying to open an airway into the infant's mouth a nurse called [KP-W], that night's shift leader, was holding a phone to his ear.

There were a few moments' confusion as he talked to the person at the end, believing he had been put through to Dr Elizabeth Newby, the on-call consultant.

'He thought he was talking to Dr Newby, but he was talking to Baby B's mother."

Murder-accused Lucy Letby 'very upset' during girl's fatal collapse
 
Wednesday November 9th 2022 - (no Chester Standard live blog)

Colour Code

Blue text - Lucy Letby's (Defendant's) texts and Facebook searches
Green text - Countess of Chester Hospital medical staff
Black text - Police/Intelligence Analysts evidence
Orange text - Medical expert witnesses
Purple text - Agreed Facts and Parents evidence



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Day 19 of Prosecution Evidence

Child D


Dr Elizabeth Newby, Consultant Paediatrician, CoCH


Tweets


https://twitter.com/MerseyHack



Consultant paediatrician Dr Elizabeth Newby is describing how she treated an alleged victim, Child D. She says D as born in good condition but needed help with breathing shortly afterwards. By the evening she needed to have a tube in her windpipe to help….

…but by the next morning D was well enough for the breathing tube to be removed. D was able to breathe on her own in air. Dr Newby “felt it was likely that there was an element of infection” as D’s mothers waters broke early and there was a delay in her having a C section birth

Dr Newby was called in to see D at 2am the following day as D had had a “profound desaturation”. [very sudden loss of oxygen levels in blood]. She was called in because D had been so stable and then had deteriorated.

Dr Newby describes unusual discolourations (“bruised areas”) on D’s abdomen. “We didn’t know what to make of them, to be honest. It was quite unusual. We felt it must be related to infection.”

She says the discolouration might be related to meningococcal disease in older children, but “I know that couldn’t apply to neonates because you don’t se[e] meningococcal disease [in] babies.”

(Cross-Examination)

Cross examined by Ben Myers KC, defending Ms Letby, Dr Newby agrees that after birth D’s “condition was consistent with an infection of some sort.”

Mr Myers asks Dr Newby about notes relating to D the night before she collapsed showing that efforts to take her off CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) were unsuccessful because D deteriorated when this happened.

Dr Newby agrees with Mr Myers that “a baby who is unwell can have resistance to infection - to keep running at a certain level and then deteriorate very rapidly.”
 
"A senior doctor has said she was "very surprised" to receive two emergency call-outs to a previously "stable" baby on the morning of the girl's death.

Dr Newby told the court that Child D needed assistance with her breathing shortly she was born but was clinically stable the following day."

10% extract
 
Wednesday November 9th 2022 - (no Chester Standard live blog)

Colour Code

Blue text - Lucy Letby's (Defendant's) texts and Facebook searches
Green text - Countess of Chester Hospital medical staff
Black text - Police/Intelligence Analysts evidence
Orange text - Medical expert witnesses
Purple text - Agreed Facts and Parents evidence



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Day 19 of Prosecution Evidence

Child D


Dr Dewi Evans, Prosecution Expert Witness


Tweets


https://twitter.com/MerseyHack

Court now hearing from Dr Dewi Evans, a paediatric expert instructed by the prosecution. Nicholas Johnson KC is asking him what he says about his review of the medical notes relating to Child D. @BBCNWT

Asked about “mottling” seen on Child D’s body the first time she collapsed, Dr Evans says “its very significant and extraordinarily unusual. This is not something that happens out of the blue.”

Asked about D’s condition immediately before her collapse, Dr Evans says “Her condition could not have been better. Her condition was entirely consistent with a baby recovering from early onset pneumonia. She was doing exceptionally well and was clinically very satisfactory.”

But Dr Evans says D was “recovering” from early onset pneumonia, not that she had “recovered” from it.

Dr Evans [is] asked what would have happened if pneumonia had caused D’s death. “You find increased amounts of clinical input would not lead to improvement.. in D’s case none of this happened. She got better.”

Dr Evans says his conclusion in Child D’s case is that death was caused by an injection of air into her bloodstream.

(Cross-Examination)

Ben Myers KC, defending, asks Dr Evans why he thinks this. Dr Evans gives 5 reasons. 1. D’s collapse was rapid and v striking. 2. The presence of discolouration on D’s body “a pattern experienced [nurses and doctors] had never seen before and never since and it came and went..

3. Attempts to resuscitate D were unsuccessful. 4. The presence [at post mortem] of air in D’s blood vessels and 5. None of the other issues, eg pneumonia were relevant.


“What we have in [D’s] case is a full house of clinical characteristics consistent with her having suffered an air embolism, ie air has been injected into her.” says Dr Evans.

Dr Evans agrees with the defence that D was in a state of very poor health when she went to the neonatal unit.

Mr Myers refers to Dr Evans saying D was “recovering” from pneumonia, and suggests that she still had the “potential to become quite unwell.” Dr Evans says “She was in a neonatal unit, the best place on the planet for her.”

When asked by Mr Myers again about her potential to become unwell, Dr Evans says “The potential is there, which is why she was on a neonatal unit.”

Mr Myers suggests Dr Evans doesn’t want to accept problems with [D’s] respiration because that would “undermine” his conclusion that D died from an air embolus. Dr Evans says “No.”
 
Wednesday November 9th 2022 - Evening Standard - 10% Nurse ‘had sleepless nights’ over neo-natal unit incidents, murder trial hears and Chester Standard - 10% Lucy Letby trial: Colleague ‘had sleepless nights’ over neo-natal unit incidents and Daily Mail - 10% Lucy Letby's colleague suffered 'sleepless nights' over baby deaths

Colour Code

Blue text - Lucy Letby's (Defendant's) texts and Facebook searches
Green text - Countess of Chester Hospital medical staff
Black text - Police/Intelligence Analysts evidence
Orange text - Medical expert witnesses
Purple text - Agreed Facts and Parents evidence



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Day 19 of Prosecution Evidence

Child D


Senior Nurse Kathryn Percival-Calderbank, CoCH, night shift 21st/22nd June 2015


A senior nurse [...] Kathryn Percival-Calderbank recalled a night shift in [...] the early hours of June 22 2015.

On the first occasion, Mrs Percival-Calderbank told Manchester Crown Court she noticed an “unusual, mosaic-type” rash on the youngster’s torso and arms which was “reddy-brown” in colour.

[...] Mrs Percival-Calderbank said she had worked at the unit for newborn infants since 1993.

She recalled checking in on Child D while the infant’s designated nurse, Caroline Oakley, was on a break. [...]

Some time later, [...] She went on: “I was assisted by someone. I can’t clearly remember who it was. I have a feeling it might have been Lucy, but I can’t categorically say.”


---

Dr Elizabeth Newby, CoCH on-call Paediatric Consultant, early morning hours of 22nd June 2015

On-call consultant paediatrician Dr Elizabeth Newby told the court she was asked to attend the first collapse of Child D but was “very surprised” when later asked to return.

Child D had recovered by the time she arrived at the unit, she said, but she stayed for “about an hour or so” to check if she remained stable and await blood test results.

Dr Newby said: “So I left and then not long after I was called back urgently as (Child D) had a further episode of collapse. When I arrived there was a full resuscitation in process.

“I was very surprised to hear a crash call because although I was concerned after the first episode she didn’t appear to be a baby in extremis.
 
Thursday November 10th 2022

10:32am

The court has been told a juror is unwell today.

10:34am

The judge, Mr Justice Goss, is explaining to the remaining members of the jury that the case cannot proceed today, as the trial needs all 12 members present.

10:35am

Members of the jury are being asked to phone in this afternoon to say if they will be available tomorrow.

11:18am

Mr Justice James Goss had told members of the jury "these things happen", and they have been sent home for the day.
The court was told it had been planned for today and Friday to be 'half-days' for evidence, due to witness availability. If the trial is able to resume on Friday, it would be a full day of evidence.

LIVE: Lucy Letby trial, Thursday, November 10
 
Tweets from another BBC journalist, from Tuesday November 8th 2022, to add -

Child D


I'm back at the trial of Lucy Letby which is now hearing evidence relating to a baby girl we can only identify as baby D. The Chester nurse is charged with murdering her by injecting air into the bloodstream in June 2015.

The court is hearing from Dr Sarah Rylance who was a registrar on the neonatal unit at
@TheCountessNHS in June 2015. She is giving evidence via video link from Switzerland.

Dr Rylance made medical notes after baby D was born. She's taking the court through the detail of what they mean, by explaining details eg blood gas readings. The jurors are able to see a digital scan of her handwritten medical notes as she goes through them.

Dr Rylance summarises her notes of baby D at end of the day after her birth. Says she was happy with her progress."She’d had a very satisfactory day, had been improving in terms of needing less respiratory support, a good colour, wasn’t needing oxygen.Clinically I was very happy"



Ben Myers KC, defending Lucy Letby, tells the court that baby D's mum's waters had broken 60 hours before she gave birth. Says baby D was a poorly baby who should have received antibiotics straight away, but didn't get them for nearly 4 hours.

Ben Myers KC questions Dr Sarah Rylance about the time it took the hospital to give baby D antibiotics. Says "You may not be responsible for that delay but do you agree it falls below the proper standard for a baby in those circumstances?" Dr Rylance: "Yes"



The court is now hearing from a neonatal nurse who we are not allowed to identify because of a court order. She worked on the same unit as Lucy Letby at the time baby D was there.

This nurse is asked about the first occasion when she was called into the room to help resuscitate baby D. She says "Her arms were stiff. I remember her skin was discoloured, like a mottled appearance, white circles with redness - an odd rash. It was unusual".

Court hears that baby D "collapsed" three times in the same night, within a three hour period.

The nurse tells the court that there was a laminated chart which listed doses of resuscitation drugs relative to the weight of the babies. It was mislaid when they were resuscitating baby D on the third occasion...

The nurse says she had to manage without the chart. Afterwards Lucy Letby asked her how she'd done it. She said "I knew the doses as I’d worked there for a long time. I think it’s worth having those doses in your head, and I recommended to Lucy that she learn them".

The trial has finished for the day, and the jury has been sent home earlier than usual, due to timetabling and witness availability. The evidence surrounding baby D will continue tomorrow.
 
Friday November 11th 2022 - Live updates from the trial

Colour Code

Blue text - Lucy Letby's (Defendant's) texts and Facebook searches
Green text - Countess of Chester Hospital medical staff
Black text - Police/Intelligence Analysts evidence
Orange text - Medical expert witnesses
Purple text - Agreed Facts and Parents evidence



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Day 20 of Prosecution Evidence

Child C


Dr Sally Ogden, CoCH, 13th June 2015 - Witness Statement


10:31am

The trial is now resuming.

10:36am

An additional agreed evidence statement is being read out for Dr Sally Ogden in respect of Child C, in relation to a clinical note.
She refers to the clinical note from June 13, which include "bowel sounds heard".
She said she heard Child C's bowel sounds as part of a routine examination, and documented that bowel sounds were heard.
She said each individual finding forms part of the overall condition.
She couldn't recall any more information about the bowel sounds, but if they had sounded 'abnormal', then that would have been documented as an 'important' finding.
She said Child C's abdominal condition, from her observation, was 'normal'.

Recap: Lucy Letby trial, Friday, November 11
 
Friday November 11th 2022 - Live updates from the trial

Colour Code

Blue text - Lucy Letby's (Defendant's) texts and Facebook searches
Green text - Countess of Chester Hospital medical staff
Black text - Police/Intelligence Analysts evidence
Orange text - Medical expert witnesses
Purple text - Agreed Facts and Parents evidence



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Day 20 of Prosecution Evidence

Child C


Professor Owen Arthurs, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Prosecution Medical Expert Witness - Consultant Paediatric Radiologist



10:37am

Professor Owen Arthurs has been recalled to give evidence in respect of Child C and Child D.

10:43am

Professor Arthurs, a medical expert witness, confirms he has compiled reports for Child C and Child D.
Nicholas Johnson KC, for the prosecution, asks about Child C specifically.
Pictures are shown to the court, the first are radiograph images for Child C taken on June 10.
He points out Child C is small and can almost fit entirely on the one x-ray image.
The x-rays were taken to check for positioning of the UVC.
He says the tube has been brought in a little too far and should be brought back a little.
He says the problem with x-rays is they are 2D images of a 3D person, so there is difficulty with interpreting the picture 'without the baby in front of you'.

10:46am

Another x-ray of Child C is shown, taken at 10.38pm, showing the line had been withdrawn. There was 'normal gas' in the stomach and bowel.
He says the most striking abnormality is the right lung on the image (the left lung from the child's perspective) is 'white', meaning there is 'something in the lung' preventing the x-ray light passing through, which would indicate an infection.

10:48am

A further x-ray image is shown for Child C at June 12 at 12.36pm, which is centred at the child's abdomen.
He says the most striking feature about this image is the dilatation of the stomach, which is 'full of gas'.

10:49am

He says this is more gas in the stomach 'than you would expect for a child of this age'.
There was a 'small tube' in the stomach taking out air.
The left lung cannot be seen on this x-ray image.

10:51am

Professor Arthurs says, for his conclusion for Child C, that the 'marked gas dilatation' in the stomach noted at June 12 had several potential causes, including CPAP belly, sepsis, NEC or exogenous administration of air by someone.

10:53am

An observation was made there was no gas in the rectum area for Child C.

Cross-Examination

11:22am

Professor Arthurs is being asked about Child C.
He agrees the left lung infection is a 'significant factor' from the first radiograph image.
He says the second image has a possibility of gas in the bowel wall, which is a possibility of NEC.
He says, as far as he knows, no NEC was found in Child C.

11:26am

Mr Myers says Child C, at four days old, did not have his bowels open, and a bowel obstruction could be considered.

Prosecution Re-Direct

11:30am

Professor Arthurs, asked by the prosecution about a bowel obstruction, says if the bowel was blocked at a particular point, it would give a 'marker' of where the obstruction was.
He says the image shows no such marker, and as bowel obstructions are a 'common clinical occurrence', it would be diagnosed and babies would go to theatre for an operation.
He says there is no evidence of a bowel obstruction on the imaging, on the clinical notes, or in an autopsy.
Referring to the possibility of a twisted bowel, which he says 'can happen in small babies' and result in a blockage. He says that is often a surgical emergency, and would be documented as such, and found post-mortem if there is such a finding.

11:33am

That concludes Professor Arthurs's evidence at this stage.


Recap: Lucy Letby trial, Friday, November 11
 
Last edited:
Friday November 11th 2022 - Tweets

Colour Code

Blue text - Lucy Letby's (Defendant's) texts and Facebook searches
Green text - Countess of Chester Hospital medical staff
Black text - Police/Intelligence Analysts evidence
Orange text - Medical expert witnesses
Purple text - Agreed Facts and Parents evidence



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Day 20 of Prosecution Evidence

Child C


Professor Owen Arthurs, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Prosecution Medical Expert Witness - Consultant Paediatric Radiologist

https://twitter.com/MrDanDonoghue


Lucy Letby's murder trial at Manchester Crown Court will resume at 10.30am. We'll be hearing from medical experts in relation to the deaths of Child D and C in June 2015. There'll be a pause in proceedings at 11am to observe a two minute silence for Armistice Day.

Jury now hearing evidence from Professor Owen Arthurs, a consultant paediatric radiologist. Prof Arthurs is an expert witness and prepared reports on the deaths of Child C and D.

Prof Arthurs is currently talking the jury through an X-ray of Child C taken on 10 June 2015, the X-ray shows 'no abnormality'

An X-ray taken later that day of the same infant shows contains a 'striking abnormality'. The lung on the right is white, meaning 'there's something in the lung' blocking air, Prof Arthurs says. He says in layman's terms, Child C 'has a lung infection'

Another X-ray taken a few hours later shows an 'unusual' amount of gas in Child C's stomach. Asked what he concluded from the radiographs, he said there are 'several potential causes', one of which is 'air administration'
 
Friday November 11th 2022 - Live updates from the trial

Colour Code

Blue text - Lucy Letby's (Defendant's) texts and Facebook searches
Green text - Countess of Chester Hospital medical staff
Black text - Police/Intelligence Analysts evidence
Orange text - Medical expert witnesses
Purple text - Agreed Facts and Parents evidence



-----

Day 20 of Prosecution Evidence

Child D


Professor Owen Arthurs, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Prosecution Medical Expert Witness - Consultant Paediatric Radiologist



10:56am

Professor Arthurs is now giving evidence for Child D, and has examined radiograph images as part of his report.
The first one, at June 20, 10.22pm, is presented to the court, in which there are no abnormalities seen.

10:59am

A second x-ray image of 'effectively the whole body' is shown the court at June 21, 1.32pm.
Professor Arthurs notes two features - the 'obvious one' being the UVC going up towards the heart, which has been pushed in too far.
The 'subtle' observation was a sign of infection in the child's right lung, but the magnitude was 'nothing like' that seen in Child C's case.
The third x-ray image was taken at June 22, 1.51am, after Child D's first collapse.
The UVC line has been 'withdrawn slightly'.

10:59am

The two-minute Remembrance Day silence is observed in court.

11:02am

Professor Arthurs resumes giving evidence.

11:05am

He explains the UVC is 'in a loop', and is 'almost certain to be outside the body'.
He says there is 'nothing unusual' in the appearance, and the diaphragm 'looks pretty clear', indicating a potential infection looks like it had improved.
Professor Arthurs says it is diffuclt to gauge between one x-ray and the other, but it would be consistent with an improving picture for a baby in air throughout that time.

11:07am

A further x-ray image, taken at Alder Hey Hospital after Child D had died, is shown to the court.
The UVC is still in, and a 'black line' just in front of the spine is a 'striking feature'.
Professor Arthurs says "air is present" on what the court hears is the 'main highway' of the circulation.

11:10am

Professor Arthurs says the significance of that is that it is an "unusual feature in babies who have died without an explanation".
He adds that amount of gas is consistent in babies who have died of sepsis, sudden unexpected death in infants, a road traffic collision, and two other babies in the trial. Another was Child A.
He says one of the other explanations which needs to be considered is deliberate air injection.
He says the most plausible conclusion was, in the absence of any other explanations, he considered they were 'consistent with, but [my insertion here - NOT] diagnositic of, deliberate air administration'.
He confirms he has never seen this before in his experience.

Cross-Examination

11:12am

Ben Myers KC, for Letby's defence, is going to ask questions on the baby girl, Child D, first.
He asks if it was correct that, at post-mortem stage, there were normal amounts of gas found in the normal areas, including in the bowel. Professor Arthurs agrees.

11:18am

Mr Myers asks about how often gases are found, post-mortem.
Professor Arthurs says for a quarter of those cases of gases found in the post-mortem examinations at Great Ormond Street Hospital, there were gases found in the great vessels areas, for which there was an explanation of post-mortem gases.
He adds if there is 'overwheming evidence' of infection, that can lead to gases appearing there, or potentially gas being redistributed in the body during prolonged resuscitation efforts.
He says administration of air is one of the explanations.


Recap: Lucy Letby trial, Friday, November 11

BBC Tweets

https://twitter.com/MrDanDonoghue

Prof Arthurs is now talking the jury through X-rays of Child D. An X-ray taken after the infant's death, shows an 'unusual' amount of gas in blood vessels near her spine.

He says this is only usually seen in babies that have suffered overwhelming infection or trauma, like an road traffic. He says it is consistent with 'external intravenous air administration'
 
Friday November 11th 2022 - Live updates from the trial

Colour Code

Blue text - Lucy Letby's (Defendant's) texts and Facebook searches
Green text - Countess of Chester Hospital medical staff
Black text - Police/Intelligence Analysts evidence
Orange text - Medical expert witnesses
Purple text - Agreed Facts and Parents evidence



-----

Day 20 of Prosecution Evidence

Child D


Dr Sandie Bohin - Prosecution Expert Witness Re. Child D


11:52am

Medical expert witness Dr Bohin is giving evidence on Child D, and confirms she has made a report on her, having had access to relevant medical reports and images from the Countess of Chester Hospital and Alder Hey, plus other medical experts.
She confirms her role was to peer-review Dr Dewi Evans's conclusions from his report.

11:55am

Dr Bohin says there is now an advantage in delaying the cutting of the umbilical cord by two minutes, if the baby is in good condition, which is true in premature babies.
However, if the baby is 'in extremis', the priority is on saving the life and cutting the umbilical cord immediately is the priority.
Dr Bohin said the cord was cut for Child D after two minutes.

11:58am

She says Child D was in some respiratory distress due to 'grunting', which started when she was taken to the post-natal ward.
It had been noted by the parents Child D was floppy and dusky in colour. Upon similar observations by medical staff, Child D was taken to the neonatal unit.
Dr Bohin noted Child D was put on to CPAP with 40% oxygen, and during the night she had improved but was 'still not normal'.
She tells the court there were still signs of respiratory distress for Child D.

12:03pm

Dr Bohin confirms she has noted what medical staff noted during their observations and records.
She noted the skin discolouration observations for Child D at the time of the first collapse at 1.30am on June 22.


12:04pm

Dr Bohin says she would have been 'surprised' if an infection was the sole cause behind Child D's 'catastrophic collapse'.

12:11pm

The original cause of death, post-mortem, was 'pneumonia with acute lung injury', Mr Johnson tells the court.
Dr Bohin explains, in her opinion, Child D's condition at birth was 'good', with good APGAR scores, and delayed cord clamping which would not have been done if Child D was not in a good condition.
She says, upon the observation of Child D becoming 'floppy in her father's arms', she has had "First-time parents are desperately keen to have their baby with them - with skin-to-skin, which has a number of benefits."
Dr Bohin says she means "no disrespect" to Child D's parents, who were first-time parents, that the father could have held Child D in such a way as the baby put their head on to the father's chest, "and that can collapse slightly, their windpipe."
"I see this fairly regularly...and with inflation breaths, the baby seems fine.
"I cannot tell whether this was a clinical collapse, or [simply] an unusual position of the head."

12:12pm

Dr Bohin notes the inconsistent temperatures for Child D showed sign of an infection, and Child D should have been screened at that point.
It was when Child D refused to feed, that she was then, later, transferred to the neonatal unit.

12:16pm

Dr Bohin says newborn babies usually maintain their temperature quite well, but premature babies require more monitoring.
Child D's tempertaure was low on arrival to the neonatal unit, but says the nursing staff 'probably overdid it' in increasing the incubator temperature, as Child D's temperature and heart rate rose to levels outside normal readings.
Dr Bohin says the breathing rate was "high" and she required oxygen support.
"Breathing at that rate is hard work for babies - rather than wait for them to be tired...it's much safer for the baby to intervene rather than wait for them to collapse."

12:17pm

The clinical picture for Child D was 'consistent with infection', Dr Bohin says, even if the x-ray image did not show that.

12:19pm

The second x-ray image showed 'a small patch of' infection in the lung.
Dr Bohin says Child D, throughout June 21, was "well and stable". She required CPAP, but in air, and was "improving" despite having pneumonia as an infection, but was "getting better" with treatment.

12:20pm

Dr Bohin says, regarding the decision to begin feeds for Child D, indicates the baby girl was "stable" as feeds would not be administered if the child was not stable.
She says all three collapses for Child D were "sudden" and "unexpected".
"They came out of the blue...she recovered very quickly with the first two, and two of the episodes were associated with an unusual mottling of the skin.
"They didn't have any clear cause."

12:21pm

Dr Bohin: "She seemed to recover very quickly after the medical team's intervention and she was well again."

12:24pm

Dr Bohin notes, for babies on CPAP, they will often find it uncomfortable as they will try fighting it.
A baby who is "relatively well" will fight it.
However, Dr Bohin said, in relation to one of the nursing notes: "The fact she [Child D] became upset then was a concern to me, as she had tolerated it well up to then."
Dr Bohin says she believes the infection was acquired prior to birth, adding the initial administration of antibiotics was "late".
Dr Bohin said the medical team knew Child D had an infection, but there was nothing to indicate she was at imminent risk of dying.

12:28pm

For pneumonia, Dr Bohin said babies would show a gradual deterioration, with declining blood gases, increased respiration rate, increasing ventilation support, abnormal blood parameters, and additional medication doses.
"Taking into account the sudden nature of the collapses and the very quick recovery...I was very clear it wasn't infection, so the conclusion had to be something unusual and odd."
Dr Bohin refers to the unusual skin condition medical staff observed.
Other conditions were crossed off as they 'didn't fit'.
She concludes the collapses were caused by intravenous air administration either through the UVC or the cannula.
Dr Bohin says with air embolus, the speed and quantity of the air administered depends on whether it is fatal.
She says the first two administrations of air would have been small, but the third would have been larger to cause circulation to stop.

12:29pm

Dr Bohin says the suddenness of the collapse, with skin discolouration, fitted with cases of air embolus, as did the presence of air found in the 'great vessels' on post-mortem x-rays.

Cross-Examination

12:31pm

Ben Myers KC, for Letby's defence, is now asking Dr Bohin questions.
He says that 'in the absence of infection', there had to be 'something unusual and odd' found.
Dr Bohin said she had looked at the clinical picture and had excluded the explanations more commonly found, which left the only conclusion as 'something unusual and odd'.

12:38pm

Mr Myers asks about the relevance for Child D being in distress.
Dr Bohin said it was a possible explanation for that seen in adults, they can "be in distress after an air embolus."
She adds there is very poor literature on this for neonatal babies, as there are few cases and little evidence of this.
Mr Myers says Dr Bohin cannot apply to neonatal babies what has been seen in adults.
Dr Bohin says neonatal babies don't have different biological systems, and a lot of the medicine relates to what has previously been done in adults.
She adds Child D had been content with CPAP before, and her being in distress was a sign of concern.

12:46pm

Dr Bohin said Child D was taken off CPAP, following the second collapse, in case she was being distressed.
Mr Myers: "Are you just trying to find any evidence to support your air embolus conclusion?"
Dr Bohin: "No, absolutely not."
Mr Myers: "You just take any bits that you can find to support your diagnosis?"
Dr Bohin: "No, absolutely not."
Dr Bohin adds, in relation to the skin discolouration, the rash observations noted by medical staff were like nothing she has observed for any neonate. She adds she was not there, but those observations by doctors and nurses were not ones she had found in neonates before.
She adds she is not using skin discolouration alone as her diagnosis, but fits as part of a 'constellation of features'.
She says such discolouration would be 'circular, with reddy-brown marks, which came and went', and not 'mottling'.
She adds: "There is no single distinguishing feature of an air embolus."

12:49pm

The 1989 medical journal review into air embolus is presented to the court, mentioning a particular case - 'blanching and migrating areas of cutaneous pallor were noted in several cases and, in one of our own cases, we noted bright pink vessels against a generally cyanosed...background."
"We have had many particular descriptions - they do not all conform to this, do they?"
"I think they're pretty similar."
"Nowhere in the clinical notes for any of the children in this, have we had [this description]?"
"We have seen reddy-brown patches on a background that is cyanosed, so yes, we have."

12:51pm

Mr Myers says there is 'no uniform presentation' of the skin discolouration to mark it against.
Dr Bohin says it is rare, so there isn't, and agrees that the 1989 medical journal is a reference to such evidence.
She repeats the skin discolouration observations are "remarkably similar".

12:53pm

Mr Myers says there is no discolouration or distress in the third collapse.
Dr Bohin: "Discoluration doesn't [present itself] but there are other features which do."
Dr Bohin says there was a catastrophic collapse and air present in the great vessels post-mortem.
She says it was not just the rapidity of the collapse but the severity of it, and that she could not be resuscitated.

12:59pm

Mr Myers says Child D recovered twice, which, in principle, is inconsistent with an air embolus.
Dr Bohin disagrees, saying it depends on the speed and volume of the air administered.
She said there is a treatment for air embolus.
Mr Myers refers to air embolus experiments in animal testing, and asks how that can compare between animals and neonates.
Dr Bohin said experiments are not done on monkeys any more, they aren't done on rats, but they are done on piglets as the biology is similar.
Mr Myers says Dr Bohin refers to a medical paper in which testing is done on dogs and rabbits.
"What basis do you have?"
"I have the basis in literature."
"Which is based on dogs and rabbits?"
"Yes."
Dr Bohin adds it is not ethical to do such testing in humans.

2:01pm

Mr Myers resumes questioning Dr Bohin.
He suggests Dr Bohin has disregarded or minimised 'certain facts that show how unwell [Child D] was'.
Dr Bohin disagrees.

2:06pm

A nursing chart from June 20 is presented to the court at birth.
Mr Myers says Child D was 'very unwell' at birth.
Dr Bohin says she disagrees.
Mr Myers refers to the note at 12 minutes, she was 'very unwell indeed'. Dr Bohin said she had 'an event' which required intervention, but it was not clear what her overall condition was.
Mr Myers says she had referred to the father's handling of the baby as the cause of the event.
Dr Bohin said that was one possibility, but not the only one.
She said she was "very clear" the father was not responsible for the collapse, as new fathers are nervous with holding babies, and you cannot tell whether it was an obstruction or part of a clinical condition.
Mr Myers says the mother had noted Child D 'looked lifeless' when the baby was presented to her.
Dr Bohin said Child D had just been delivered, and the cord had not been cut. If a baby was 'in extremis', the baby would not have been presented to the mother, she tells the court.

2:10pm

Mr Myers refers to the nursing notes made in the hours following Child D's birth.
Dr Bohin said it was clear, by the time of the neonatal unit admission, Child D had signs of an infection and was unwell.
Mr Myers said the mother had referred to being "really worried" about Child D, being 'limp' and 'without colour - a bit grey, purple', making 'grunting noises', not 'responsive'.
"That's a really poorly baby, isn't it, Dr Bohin?"
"That's the mother's interpretation, but I can't believe [the midwifery team] would have allowed...the baby to be fed or stay on the post-natal ward in that condition."
Mr Myers says the midwife team did not administer antibiotics to Child D at this stage.
Dr Bohin said that would have been a medical staff decision, not a midwifery decision, to administer antiobiotics. She agrees antibiotics were not administered at that point.

2:16pm

Dr Bohin says the low blood gas reading would be a concern, but would need to be put in a clinical context as part of a trend as part of the overall clinical picture.
Mr Myers refers to a table of blood gas readings, and Dr Bohin says they have deteriorated as Child D was being moved off ventilator support on to CPAP.
Mr Myers says Child D had an infection on June 21, and that was not a sign of a well baby.
Dr Bohin said she was very clear Child D had pneumonia, but was on antibiotics and improving, and 'coping on CPAP' without needing to go on a ventilator.
She agrees Child D did not manage well with being taken off CPAP, and was put back on.
Mr Myers says 'the fact a baby desaturates like that...is a sign of poor health, isn't it?'
Dr Bohin said the clinical team made a 'good judgment call' in attempting to take Child D off CPAP, as they cannot stay on CPAP forever, but it was 'perfectly acceptable' for her to be on CPAP and she was quickly put back on it.

2:18pm

Mr Myers refers to a blood gas reading at 1.14am on June 22 which he says is 'not normal' and a 'deterioration' on the one before.
Dr Bohin says it is not as good as the one before, but is marginal, and needs to be taken in the overall clinical context.
Mr Myers asks if Dr Bohin is sure she isn't trying to minimise such evidence as this in her overall findings.
Dr Bohin: "I'd like to make it clear my duty is to the court, to present my findings in an impartial way."

2:26pm

Dr Bohin says the lack of antibiotics at one stage was a 'blip' in the care Child D had received, but she presented as a 'well' baby throughout June 21.
Mr Myers says about the decision to take Child D off CPAP, after the second collapse, there would be a 'low threshold to intervene' if there were further desaturations.
He says Child D desaturated again, and says that would have been a moment to increase ventilation support.
Dr Bohin: "Not necessarily."
She said the doctor would have noted the overall clinical picture for Child D.
Dr Bohin is asked if the decision to feed Child D was a 'bad decision'.
She replies it was not a bad decision as the clinical position was stable.
Mr Myers says the decision to take Child D off CPAP was a bad one.
Dr Bohin says, given the clinical parameters, the decision to take Child D off CPAP was a right one to make.

2:31pm

Mr Myers asks if Child D had respiratory difficulties throughout her life.
Dr Bohin disagrees.
Mr Myers: "But she was on CPAP."
Dr Bohin said Child D was stable on CPAP, and it was not possible to see how Child D was breathing unaided unless she was taken off CPAP.
Dr Bohin adds she believed Child D died with pneumonia, not because of pneumonia.
Mr Myers concludes by asking if Dr Bohin has been 'influenced' in making her conclusions rather than looking at all the facts. Dr Bohin disagrees.


Recap: Lucy Letby trial, Friday, November 11
 
Friday November 11th 2022 - Tweets

Colour Code

Blue text - Lucy Letby's (Defendant's) texts and Facebook searches
Green text - Countess of Chester Hospital medical staff
Black text - Police/Intelligence Analysts evidence
Orange text - Medical expert witnesses
Purple text - Agreed Facts and Parents evidence



-----

Day 20 of Prosecution Evidence

Child D


Dr Sandie Bohin - Prosecution Expert Witness Re. Child D

https://twitter.com/MrDanDonoghue


Expert medical witness Dr Sandie Bohin, who prepared a report reviewing the death of Child D, is now giving evidence

Looking at Child D's first collapse on a morning in June 2015, Dr Bohin says she would be "surprised if an infection alone could cause that catastrophic a collapse"

Dr Bohin says Child D was in 'good condition at birth', asked to explain her collapse 12mins after being born the medic says this could be down to the infant being held incorrectly by the child's parents

'No disrespect to the parents, but new parents are not very confident about the way they hold babies, they can put the babies chin on the chest and have head flop forward, that can collapse windpipe', she said

'I cannot tell whether this was a clinical collapse because of illness, or mechanical blockage because of unusual position of the head', she added. Child D recovered from that initial collapse 12mins in and was placed on the neonatal unit

Dr Bohin said despite having pneumonia at birth, Child D was 'improving' and was 'stable'. She said there was 'nothing to indicate that death was imminent'

Asked what her conclusion was on the cause of her fatal collapse, she told jurors 'Taking into account the suddenness of the collapses and quick recovery, I was clear that this was not the infection, I was looking at something else and that had to be unusual, something odd'

She added: '(Child D) had air administered to her and that was the cause of the collapses'. The medic said this was administered either through the UVC line or the cannula in her hand.

(Cross-Examination)

Ben Myers KC, defending, is pressing Dr Bohin on her diagnosis. He noted that she had been searching for something 'unusual'. 'Are you just trying to find any evidence to support your air embolus conclusion?', he said. Dr Bohin: 'No, absolutely not.'

Mr Myers is now asking the medic 'what basis' she has for her conclusions as he points to research on air embolis which is based largely on experiments on rabbits, dogs and piglets. She says 'that’s the only method of research we have'

We're now back. Dr Bohin is continuing to face questions from Ms Letby's defence barrister Ben Myers KC

Mr Myers asks Dr Bohin if she has 'sought to minimise certain facts that show how unwell (Child D) was' 'No I have not', Dr Bohin says

Mr Myers said the whole clinical picture showed Child D was 'very unwell' upon birth, Dr Bohin does not agree. Describing the moment when the infant required resuscitation 12mins into her life, she says that was 'an event' that needed 'some intervention'

Mr Myers quotes evidence from Child D's mother, who told jurors last week: 'I had her, skin to skin, she didn’t really have any movement, she was quite limp, she didn’t have a good colour and she seemed to struggle to breath' Mr Myers says that shows Child D was 'very poorly'

Dr Bohin says that is the 'interpretation of a very worried mother'

Mr Myers again says asks Dr Bohin if she is trying to minimise the poor health of Child D. She says 'I'm not trying to minimise anything, my duty to the court is to look at all the evidence in an impartial way'



Kate Tyndall - Police Intelligence Analyst Re. Child D - Lucy Letby's Police Interviews - Agreed Summary



Prosecutor Nicholas Johnson KC has just read a summary of Ms Letby's police interviews in 2018 and 2019 which related to the death of Child D. In those interviews Ms Letby "denied administering air" into the bloodstream of Child D.

"She maintained that she did not do anything deliberately to (Child D)", Mr Johnson said. Ms Letby also told police in those interviews that she "could not remember" carrying out Facebook searches for the parents of Child D in the days after her death

Court has adjourned for the day, back Monday.
 
Friday November 11th 2022 - Live updates from the trial

Colour Code

Blue text - Lucy Letby's (Defendant's) texts and Facebook searches
Green text - Countess of Chester Hospital medical staff
Black text - Police/Intelligence Analysts evidence
Orange text - Medical expert witnesses
Purple text - Agreed Facts and Parents evidence



-----

Day 20 of Prosecution Evidence

Child D


Kate Tyndall, Police Intelligence Analyst Re. Child D - Lucy Letby's Police Interviews - Agreed Summary


2:38pm

Intelligence analyst Kate Tyndall has now been recalled to court to provide the jury with a few corrections on their electronic bundle of evidence.
A reminder that members of the jury are accessing the evidence for this case on iPads which contain evidence such as nursing notes, 'swipe data' for Countess of Chester Hospital staff entering and exiting the neonatal at certain times, details of medication, x-ray results and relevant text messages recovered from Lucy Letby's phone.

2:47pm

The court is now hearing evidence of police interviews conducted with Lucy Letby in relation to Child D.
Nicholas Johnson KC says he is relaying a summary of the interviews.
Letby, in her July 2018 interview, said she did not remember Child D.
Looking through notes, she accepted she was in her care, but could not remember her. She said when administering medicine, two nurses would sign for medication, but it was not necessary for both of them to be present.
In 2019, she denied administering Child D with an injection of air, and "didn't do anything" to Child D.
Asked about the Facebook searches for Child D's parents, she said she could not recall making those searches.
Asked about messages exchanged between Letby and a nursing colleague, she was asked why she had said Child D had 'overwhelming sepsis'. Letby says she could not recall, but thought from the context of the text, she thought Child D had been rescreened for infection.
She was asked why, later that day, someone had said it could have been meningitis. She said she could not remember that being said to her.

2:48pm

That concludes the evidence for Child D at this stage, the court hears.
The court hears the cases of Child E and Child F, twin babies, will be heard on the morning of Monday, November 14.

Recap: Lucy Letby trial, Friday, November 11
 
Monday November 14th 2022 - Live updates from the trial

Colour Code

Blue text - Lucy Letby's (Defendant's) texts and Facebook searches
Green text - Countess of Chester Hospital medical staff
Black text - Police/Intelligence Analysts evidence
Orange text - Medical expert witnesses
Purple text - Agreed Facts and Parents evidence



-----

Day 21 of Prosecution Evidence

Twins : Child E & Child F


Mother's Evidence


9:02am

During the prosecution opening, Nicholas Johnson KC said the twins' mother saw Lucy Letby 'attacking' Child E on the night of August 3. Child E died a few hours later on August 4.

9:05am

The prosecution say Lucy Letby attempted to murder Child F by insulin poisoning on August 5.
Letby denies all the charges.

10:13am

The trial is expected to resume at 10.30am.

10:33am

The judge, Mr Justice James Goss, has entered the court.

10:33am

Members of the jury have now arrived in court, and the trial will resume.

10:34am

The mother of Child E and F is now giving evidence.

10:37am

She confirms she gave birth to identical twins in July 29, 2015 at the Countess of Chester Hospital.
She had been expected to give birth in Liverpool Women's Hospital, but due to capacity reasons she was taken to the Countess of Chester Hospital.

10:37am

She believed the twins were in 'good condition for the gestation they were in' at birth.

10:38am

She said she had physical contact with the twins a few hours after giving birth to them, in the neonatal unit.
She says she was only able to spend "a few minutes" with them due to their respective conditions.

10:41am

On July 30, she tells the court she was able to visit the twins in the neonatal unit, from upstairs in the post-natal wards.
She said that would take about 5-10 minutes to get from one place to the other, due to having had a C-section, which made the journey time longer.
She said she was able to cuddle Child E as he wasn't on CPAP, while Child F was on CPAP.

10:44am

She says she had decided she wanted to feed the twins her breast milk, and was helped to express that, and in the meantime had agreed to donor milk, but was able to provide her breast milk in due course as, she said: "That was very important to me."

10:45am

She confirms she expressed breast milk and dropped that off at the neonatal unit that day.
She said: "It was the only thing I could do for them at that point. It was important to me. It was non-negotiable."
She confirms she was given support by nursing staff to do this.

10:48am

She said Child E was progressing better, of the two twins, over July 30-31, but both were doing "really well" by August 1.
She says she was keen to get home and was keen to transport both babies to a hospital closer to home, and was waiting for two ambulances to be provided.
She said she and her partner were under the impression both babies were well enough to travel.
By that stage, she had had skin-to-skin contact with both twins, and both were managing "fine".
"We were never informed about anything to say they weren't fine."

10:49am

By August 2, the couple were still waiting for transport.
She said on that day, the twins were both out of their incubators by this stage.
Child E was breathing "easily" and Child F was "great".

10:49am

She says she does not remember any specific conversation about insulin production for the twins, but remembers it being mentioned, and that it was 'normal' for premature babies.

10:50am

By August 3, she said the twins were "great - doing really well".
"We were absolutely thrilled that both boys were doing so well and we couldn't have asked for any more than that. They were both progressing."

10:53am

The father was commuting to and from the hospital at this time, and on August 3 he had gone home to "prepare the house" as it was "imminent" that the babies were going to be transferred to another hospital and she would be able to go home.
She said he left the hospital at about 5pm. At that time, she was "having skin-to-skin contact" with Child E, which ended at "half past 6ish".
She changed his nappy and had cleaned him, around the eyes and neck.

10:53am

She said she was still "sore and sensitive" but "over the moon" as her two boys were "perfect".

10:55am

She said she went up to the post-natal ward to express breast milk and have something to eat, 'between 7pm and 8.30pm'.
She then took the expressed breast milk "straight down" to the neonatal unit where her twins were.
She said she arrived there "a touch before nine o'clock."

10:58am

The mother had drawn a plan of the neonatal unit layout, as she remembered it, to police. That is now shown to the court.

11:00am

She tells the court she had gone into room 1, where the twins were, as was Lucy Letby, the only other adult in the room beside the mum.
She said she could hear her son crying and it was "like nothing I'd ever heard before".
The mum walked to the incubator, to see blood coming out of Child E's mouth, and panicked as she "believed that something was wrong".

11:09am

Lucy Letby was at the workstation at the time, the mum tells the court.
A video of the neonatal unit room one is shown to the court.
The mum, fighting back tears, tells the court which incubators her twins were located in - both in adjoining ones.
She said she heard "crying" - a sound which "shouldn't have come from a tiny baby. I can't explain what that sound was...horrendous. It was screaming more than crying."
She said she heard it in the corridor in the unit itself, and entered the unit through the door where the twins were.
Lucy Letby was "busy doing something, but she wasn't near [Child E]."
She said she immediately went to Child E and used a 'containment technique' which she had been taught, to make him feel calmer, but "it didn't work".
Child E "continued to make the same noise".
She said she was there for "about 10 minutes" in that room.
She said: "There was blood on his face, around his mouth."

11:11am

She tells the court she was asked by police to draw, on a drawing of a child's face, where the blood was coming from.
She tells the court the blood was coming "around the mouth"
Nicholas Johnson KC says it is 'almost like a goatee beard'.
The judge asks for clarification, and the mum says the blood was 'a little above the lips, but mostly below'.

11:14am

The mum said she asked Lucy Letby why Child E was bleeding and what was wrong.
She said Letby replied the feeding tube was rubbing the back of the throat and that would have caused the blood.
The mum said she accepted that explanation, but was concerned about it.
The mum said Letby "told her to go back to the ward", and she did what she was told as Letby "was in authority and knew better than me and I trusted her - completely."
"She said the registrar was on his way and if there was a problem, someone would ring up to the post-natal ward."
She said she accepted that explanation and returned to the post-natal ward.
Upon her return, she rang her husband as "she knew there was something very wrong".

11:18am

"I knew I needed to speak to him, and tell him."
The court hears the telephone records, including timings, were obtained.
The call to her husband was made at 9.11pm, and lasted 4 minutes and 25 seconds.
She said she rang her husband about her concerns, and remained on the post-natal ward.
She returned to the neo-natal ward "later on that evening", sat in the corridor, watching a team of people around Child E's incubator.
Mr Johnson clarifies this was at the time Child E was being resuscitated.

11:21am

In the time before that, the mum said she was "panicking", having conversations with the midwife, and was "panicking and waiting, waiting, following the rules".
She said Letby had told her the rules to go back to the post-natal ward and wait for anything further.
She was later told by the midwife and to ring her husband. The midwife called the husband at 10.52pm, telling him to come to the hospital, after the neo-natal rang the maternity ward.
She said she does not know why the midwife rang, but assumed it was because she was "very upset" and "knew there was something wrong".

11:23am

The mum was taken to the neo-natal ward and the medical team were 'working on Child E' and were unsuccessful in their resuscitation attempts.
She had contact with Lucy Letby after Child E had died.
She tells the court she was asked if she wanted to bath Child E, but at that moment she did not feel able to.
Fighting back tears, the mum says: "I was just...broken, and I couldn't. Lucy Letby bathed him in front of me in the neo-natal unit.
"After he was bathed, he was placed in a white gown.
"I just remember being thankful as we had no clothes for him as he was so little.
"He was given back to us, and put in his incubator, and that is where he stayed."

11:28am

Mr Johnson asks if there was a potential post-mortem raised by one of the doctors.
The mum says the husband asked a few questions and they were told by the doctor a post-mortem "wouldn't tell them much" more than what they had already been told by the doctor, and it would delay the transfer back home.
"We just wanted to take him home."
The mum adds they were given a "memory box" by Lucy Letby which "totally surprised" her and included a memory card, a lock of his hair, a teddy, hand/footprints.
The mum said she was "so overcome with emotion" by that, as she had no other memories for Child E.
Another teddy was provided, and the teddies were swapped, so Child F had Child E's teddy bear, and vice versa.
Lucy Letby also presented a picture of Child F, having 'rolled over and cuddled the [Child E] bear', which she said was 'so amazing' so she had taken a picture to give to them.

11:29am

The mum tells the court she had written a card, with a picture of Child E and Child F on the front, expressing the parents' thanks for staff on the neo-natal unit.

11:31am

The mum tells the court, for Child F, he has never had any bleeding issues in his life.


LIVE: Lucy Letby trial, Monday, November 14
 

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